. 2018 Mar 27;15:29. doi: 10.1186/s12984-018-0370-2

Table 2.

Characteristics of the included studies

	Participant Characteristics						Study Design
First Author, Year (Reference)	N (VR/CT)	Mean Age at Intervention	Time Since Stroke (Weeks)	Recovery stage	Stroke Type	Cohort Origin	VR Type	Implementation Parameters	Control Type	Outcomes
Assis, 2014	4/4	55.0	269.6	Chronic	NR	Brazil	VE	One hour training once a week, for 4 weeks	Active	Body Function
Broeren, 2008^a	11/11	68.0	306.1	Chronic	Mixed	Sweden	VE	Forty-five minutes training, 3 times a week for 4 weeks	Passive	Activity
Chen, 2015 Study 1	8/8	49.2	36.3	Chronic	NR	Taiwan	CG	Thirty minutes training 3 times a week for 8 weeks	Active	Body Function, Activity
Chen, 2015 Study 2	8/8	53.3	37.8	Chronic	NR	Taiwan	CG	Thirty minutes training 3 times a week for 8 weeks	Active	Body Function, Activity
Choi, 2014^c	10/10	64.7	NR	NR	Mixed	Korea	CG	Thirty minutes training, 5 times a week for 4 weeks	Active	Body Function, Activity, Cognitive
Crosbie, 2012^a,c	9/9	60.4	46.9	Chronic	NR	UK	VE	Thirty minutes training, 3 times a week for 3 weeks	Active	Activity
da Silva Cameirão, 2011^a,b	8/8	61.4	1.9	Subacute	Mixed	Spain	VE	Study 1: Twenty minutes training, 3 times a week for 5 weeks.Study 2: Twenty minutes training, 3 times a week for 12 weeks.	Active	Body Function, Activity
da Silva Ribeiro, 2015	15/15	53.3	222.7	Chronic	NR	Brazil	CG	One hour training twice a week, for 8 weeks	Active	Body Function, Activity
Duff, 2010	11/10	68.5	56.3	Chronic	Mixed	USA	VE	One hour training 3 times a week, for 4 weeks	Active	Body Function, Activity, Participation
Gamito, 2015	10/10	55.0	NR	NR	NR	Portugal	VE	One hour training 3 times a week, for 6 weeks	Passive	Cognitive
Givon 2015	19/18	59.4	146.0	Chronic	Mixed	Israel	CG	One hour training 2 times a week, for 12 weeks	Active	Body Function, Activity
Housman, 2009^b	15/16	55.3	427.8	Chronic	Mixed	USA	VE	One hour training 3 times a week, for 8 weeks	Passive	Body Function, Participation
In, 2012^a	11/8	64.0	57.9	Chronic	Mixed	Korea	VE	Thirty minutes training, 5 times a week for 4 weeks	Active	Body Function, Activity
Kihoon, 2012^a	15/14	63.9	NR	NR	NR	Korea	CG	One hour training 5 times a week, for 4 weeks	Passive	Body Function, Cognitive
Kim, 2011^b	15/13	64.2	3.0	Subacute	Mixed	Korea	CG	Thirty minutes training, 3 times a week for 4 weeks	Passive	Activity, Cognitive
Kim, 2012^a,b	10/7	48.2	54.8	Chronic	Mixed	Korea	CG	Thirty minutes training, 3 times a week for 3 weeks	Passive	Activity
Kiper, 2011^a,b	40/40	64.0	25.0	Chronic	Mixed	Italy	VE	One hour training 5 times a week, for 4 weeks	Active	Body Function, Activity
Kiper, 2014	23/21	64.3	18.3	Chronic	Mixed	Italy	VE	One hour training 5 times a week, for 4 weeks	Active	Body Function, Activity
Kong, 2016	31/33	57.5	1.96	Subacute	Mixed	Singapore	CG	One hour training 4 times a week, for 3 weeks	Passive	Body Function, Activity
Kottink, 2014	8/10	61.4	173.1	Chronic	Mixed	The Netherlands	VE	Thirty minutes training, 3 times a week for 6 weeks	Active	Body Function, Activity
Kwon, 2012 ^a,b	13/13	57.5	34.9	Chronic	Mixed	Korea	CG	Thirty minutes training, 5 times a week for 4 weeks	Passive	Body Function, Activity
Lee, 2013	7/7	74.1	33.8	Chronic	Mixed	Korea	CG	Thirty minutes training, 3 times a week for 6 weeks	Passive	Body Function, Activity
Levin, 2012	6/6	59.0	165.3	Chronic	Mixed	Israel	VE	Forty-five minutes training, 3 times a week for 3 weeks	Active	Body Function, Participation
Piron, 2009 ^a,b,c	18/18	65.2	57.9	Chronic	Ischemic, MCA	Italy	VE	One hour training 5 times a week, for 4 weeks	Active	Body Function
Piron, 2010 ^a,b,c	27/23	60.5	66.2	Chronic	Ischemic, MCA	Italy	VE	One hour training 5 times a week, for 4 weeks	Active	Body Function, Activity
Saposnik, 2016	59/62	62.0	3.7	Subacute	Ischemic	Canada, Argentina, Peru, Thailand	CG	One hour training 5 times a week, for 2 weeks	Passive	Body Function, Activity
Shin, 2014	9/7	49.3	10.3	Subacute	NR	Korea	VE	Twenty minutes training, 5 times a week for 2 weeks	Active	Body Function, Activity
Shin, 2015 ^c	16/16	54.0	26.2	Chronic	NR	Korea	VE	Thirty minutes training, 5 times a week for 4 weeks	Active	Body Function, Activity
Sin, 2013^b	18/17	73.7	34.1	Chronic	Mixed	Korea	CG	Thirty minutes training, 3 times a week for 6 weeks	Passive	Body Function, Activity
Standen, 2017	9/9	61.0	NR	NR	NR	UK	VE	Twenty minutes training, 3 times a day for 8 weeks	Passive	Body Function, Activity, Participation
Yavuzer, 2008 ^a,b,c	10/10	61.1	17.2	Chronic	NR	Turkey	CG	Thirty minutes training, 5 times a week for 4 weeks	Passive	Activity
Yin, 2014	11/10	58.4	2.3	Subacute	NR	Singapore	VE	Thirty minutes training, 5 times a week for 2 weeks	Passive	Body Function, Activity, Participation

Note: CG Commercial Gaming, NR Not Reported, VE Virtual Environment

Articles included in previous reviews: ^aArticle included in the Lohse review [11] ^bArticle included in the Laver review [46]; ^cArticle included in the Palma review [58]