Table 1.
Giardia spp. in wild rodents as determined by various detection methods for samples from different study sites
| Species | Analysis | Rodent samples by site (sample size/Giardia detection) | Total | Giardia detection | Prevalence (%)c (95% CI)d | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Billerbecka | Gothab | Krahnbergb | Schaderodea | Jeeser | Saal | Kammerforsta | Leinawaldb | Pahnaer Holzb | Phoenix Ost | Weissacha,b | |||||
| Apodemus agrarius | IFA | 4/2 | 1/1 | 17/3 | 7/1 | 2/0 | 2/0 | 2/1 | 35 | 8 | 22.9 (10.4–40.1) | ||||
| qPCR | 4/2 | 1/0 | 17/7 | 7/5 | 2/1 | 2/2 | 2/1 | 35 | 18 | 51.4 (34.0–68.6) | |||||
| SSU PCR | 4/2 | 1/1 | 17/14 | 7/3 | 2/0 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 35 | 24 | 68.6 (50.7–83.1) | |||||
| Apodemus flavicollis | IFA | 6/1 | 3/0 | 7/5 | 1/1 | 5/1 | 16/1 | 38 | 9 | 23.7 (11.4–40.2) | |||||
| qPCR | 6/0 | 3/1 | 7/5 | 1/0 | 5/5 | 16/1 | 38 | 12 | 31.6 (17.5–48.6) | ||||||
| SSU PCR | 6/2 | 3/1 | 7/5 | 1/1 | 5/1 | 16/3 | 38 | 13 | 34.2 (19.6–51.3) | ||||||
| Apodemus sylvaticus | IFA | 4/0 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 9 | 5 | 55.6 (21.2–86.3) | |||||||
| qPCR | 4/0 | 2/0 | 2/0 | 1/0 | 9 | 0 | 0 (0–33.6) | ||||||||
| SSU PCR | 4/0 | 2/1 | 2/0 | 1/1 | 9 | 2 | 22.2 (2.8–60.0) | ||||||||
| Microtus agrestis | IFA | 11/10 | 13/10 | 6/5 | 11/11 | 10/9 | 8/7 | 6/5 | 65 | 57 | 87.7 (77.2–94.5) | ||||
| qPCR | 10/9 | 8/8 | 6/6 | 11/11 | 10/10 | 8/8 | 6/6 | 59 | 58 | 98.3 (90.9–100) | |||||
| SSU PCR | 11/10 | 8/7 | 6/4 | 11/9 | 10/10 | 8/7 | 6/5 | 60 | 52 | 86.7 (75.4–94.1) | |||||
| Microtus arvalis | IFA | 1/1 | 63/55 | 2/2 | 9/7 | 18/16 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 13/13 | 108 | 96 | 88.9 (81.4–94.1) | |||
| qPCR | 1/1 | 63/58 | 2/2 | 8/7 | 18/18 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 13/9 | 107 | 97 | 90.7 (83.5–95.4) | ||||
| SSU PCR | 1/1 | 63/52 | 2/2 | 8/7 | 18/13 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 13/9 | 107 | 81 | 75.7 (66.5–82.5) | ||||
| Myodes glareolus | IFA | 74/47 | 61/49 | 2/2 | 73/60 | 2/2 | 7/6 | 10/9 | 1/1 | 73/63 | 303 | 239 | 78.9 (73.8–83.3) | ||
| qPCR | 74/64 | 61/58 | 2/2 | 73/68 | 2/2 | 7/7 | 10/9 | 1/1 | 73/63 | 302 | 274 | 90.7 (86.9–93.8) | |||
| SSU PCR | 74/40 | 61/47 | 2/2 | 72/56 | 2/2 | 7/5 | 10/9 | 1/1 | 72/35 | 301 | 191 | 63.5 (57.7–68.9) | |||
aDiscrimination of A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus by molecular typing was not successful in Billerbeck for four animals (all Giardia-negative by IFA), in Schaderode for three animals (all Giardia positive by IFA), in Kammerforst for three animals (all Giardia-negative by IFA) and in Weissach for one animal (Giardia negative by IFA). These animals were excluded from the analysis in the table
bDiscrimination of Microtus spp. by molecular typing was not successful in Gotha for one animal (Giardia positive by IFA), in Krahnberg for three animals (two Giardia positive by IFA), in Leinawald for two animals (all Giardia positive by IFA), in Pahnaer Holz for one animal (Giardia negative by IFA) and in Weissach for one animal (Giardia positive by IFA). These animals were excluded from the analysis in the table
cHere the term prevalence is used to describe the proportion of Giardia spp. infections in the analyzed animal samples and is not meant to be understood as the ‘real’ prevalence of entire populations
dTest for any difference of Giardia prevalence from rodent category was done using Fisher-Freeman-Halton test, IFA (P ≤ 0.0001), qPCR (P ≤ 0.0001), SSU PCR (P ≤ 0.0001). Comparison between groups was done by using Fisher’s exact test followed by multiple testing correction (Bonferroni-Holm procedure) and P-values are presented in Additional file 2: Table S1