Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | All included patients (N = 79) | Morning symptom score < 17.0 (N = 41) | Morning symptom score ≥ 17.0 (N = 38) | Difference (P-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 65.6 (8.8) | 66.4 (8.2) | 64.7 (9.4) | 0.38 |
| Male, n (%) | 42 (53) | 25 (61) | 17 (45) | 0.15 |
| Ethnicity Caucasian, n (%) | 78 (99) | 40 (98) | 38 (100) | 0.33 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 21 (27) | 8 (20) | 13 (34) | 0.14 |
| Pack years, median [IQR] | 37 [25–51] | 34 [25–42] | 41 [26–71] | 0.06 |
| In current employment, n (%) | 21 (27) | 12 (29) | 9 (24) | 0.58 |
| BMI in kg/m2, mean (SD) | 26.4 (5.1) | 25.5 (4.8) | 27.3 (5.3) | 0.13 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio, mean (SD) | 45.5 (12.2) | 45.6 (13.6) | 45.5 (10.6) | 0.99 |
| FEV1% predicted, mean (SD) | 55.2 (16.9) | 57.2 (19.3) | 53.0 (14.0) | 0.28 |
| Exacerbation in the previous year, n (%) | 41 (52) | 16 (39) | 25 (66) | 0.017 |
| GOLD stage | ||||
| A, n (%) | 19 (24.1) | 17 (41.5) | 2 (5.3) | < 0.001 |
| B, n (%) | 22 (27.8) | 9 (22.0) | 13 (34.2) | 0.23 |
| C, n (%) | 6 (7.6) | 6 (14.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.014 |
| D, n (%) | 32 (40.5) | 9 (22.0) | 23 (60.5) | < 0.001 |
| CCQ total score, mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.1) | 1.4 (0.86) | 2.8 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
| SGRQ total score, mean (SD) | 43.0 (18.6) | 32.1 (16.6) | 54.8 (12.4) | < 0.001 |
| Long-acting bronchodilation | ||||
| Use of one long-acting bronchodilator, n (%) | 17 (21.5) | 10 (24.4) | 7 (18.4) | 0.52 |
| Use of two long-acting bronchodilators, n (%)) | 58 (74.7) | 28 (68.3) | 31 (81.6) | 0.18 |
| No long-acting bronchodilator, n (%) | 3 (3.8) | 3 (7.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.09 |
| CCI score, median [IQR] | 2 [1–3] | 2 [1–3] | 2 [1–3] | 0.98 |
| History of solid tumor without metastasis, n (%) | 15 (19.0) | 9 (22.0) | 6 (15.8) | 0.49 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 10 (12.7) | 6 (14.6) | 4 (10.5) | 0.58 |
| Uncomplicated diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 9 (11.4) | 3 (7.3) | 6 (15.8) | 0.24 |
BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, CCQ clinical COPD questionnaire, FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, GOLD global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation, SGRQ St George Respiratory Questionnaire