Fig. 7. SP1–SK1–S1P signaling pathway is critical to the anti-necroptosis effect of hiPSC-MSCs-EVs against renal I/R injury in vitro.
a With or without the treatment of wild type or SP1 KO hiPSC-MSCs-EVs, Nec-1, MIT, SKI-II, or Ad-SP1, the relative S1P content, SK activity, and cellular (3H) S1P formation in HK-2 cells were measured at 24 h reperfusion. b Cell viability, MDA content, and SOD activity of the HK-2 cells were analyzed. c The function of SP1 KO hiPSC-MSCs, Nec-1, MIT, SKI-II, or Ad-SP1 on the level of apoptosis and necroptosis in I/R-injured HK-2 cells were evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. Statistical significance: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001