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. 2017 Dec 14;8(12):3219. doi: 10.1038/s41419-017-0010-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Flow cytometric assessment of the percentage of CD4⁺CD25^highCD127^low/-FOXP3⁺ (T regulatory) cells among all CD4⁺ T cells in healthy subjects (n = 15) and patients with AIH in remission (n = 57) or active AIH (n = 42). b Analyses of the percentage of apoptotic (annexin-V-positive) Treg cells among the T regulatory cell population in healthy persons (n = 15) and AIH patients with (n = 57) or without (n = 42) biochemical remission. c Comparison of the percentage of apoptotic regulatory with apoptotic effector (CD4⁺CD25^low/-FOXP3⁻) T cells in patients with active AIH (n = 42). d Representative flow cytometry of a healthy individual (left panel) and a patient with AIH (right panel) indicating the percentage of regulatory and effector T cells among CD4⁺ T cells. e Representative flow cytometry of a healthy individual (left panel), a patient with AIH in remission (middle panel) and a patient with active AIH (right panel) indicating the percentage of apoptotic Tregs among Treg cell population. Data represent means ± SEM; statistical analyses were performed by Mann–Whitney’s U-test (Fig. 1a, b) or Wilcoxon test (Fig. 1c). **p < 0.01; n.s. = not significant. Patient characteristics: AIH patients with biochemical remission had normal aminotransferase levels (AST 27.8 ± 1.0 U/L; ALT 23.9 ± 1.0 U/L), whereas in patients with active AIH the levels were increased (AST 81.0 ± 23.2 U/L; ALT = 92.1 ± 13.0 U/L). Patients with/without biochemical remission were positive for anti-nuclear (ANA), smooth-muscle (SMA), soluble-liver-antigens (SLA) or liver/kidney microsomal type-1 (LKM-1) antibodies in 56.1/66.7%, 33.3/50.0%, 17.5/11.9% and 10.5/9.5% of the cases. Viral hepatitis A-E was excluded. At the time of investigation, 88% (50/57) of the patients with and 95% (40/42) of the patients without remission received standard immunosuppressive therapy. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hannover Medical School.