Table 2.

Working environment and new-onset depressive symptoms (n = 973)

	New-onset depressive symptoms (+) (CES-D ≥ 16)	New-onset depressive symptoms (−) (CES-D < 16)	P value
Age, mean ± SD, ya	26.0 ± 2.98	26.0 ± 2.91	0.751
Male sex, n (%)b	142 (64.5%)	502 (66.8%)	0.297
University hospital, n (%)b	85 (38.6%)	292 (38.8%)
Other educational hospital	135 (61.4%)	461 (61.2%)	1.000
Number of hours for sleep per day, mean ± SD,a	5.68 ± 0.95	5.81 ± 0.87	0.010
Disposable time, mean ± SD, hours/daya	2.35 ± 1.49	2.87 ± 1.56	< 0.001
Number of work hours per weekb
< 60 h (n = 84)	9 (10.7%)	75 (89.3%)
60 to < 80 h (n = 429)	80 (18.6%)	349 (81.4%)
80 to < 100 h (n = 383)	96 (25.1%)	287 (74.9%)
≥ 100 h (n = 77)	35 (45.5%)	42 (54.5%)	< 0.001

CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale

^at-test

^b Chi-square test