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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 28.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2017 Sep 13;549(7673):528–532. doi: 10.1038/nature23910

Figure 2. SFB in the pregnant mothers promotes abnormal behaviors in MIA offspring.

Figure 2

a, USV index (n=59/125 (Tac;PBS/poly(I:C)); n=51/50 (Jax;PBS/poly(I:C)); n=55/81 (Co-housed Jax;PBS/poly(I:C)); n=55/89 (SFB-gavaged Jax;PBS/poly(I:C)); 9-11 independent experiments). b-d, Marble burying index (b), time spent in the center of an open field (c), and % interaction (d) in the sociability assay of adult offspring described in (a) (n=32/50 (Tac;PBS/poly(I:C)); n=29/27 (Jax;PBS/poly(I:C)); n=29/29 (Co-housed Jax;PBS/poly(I:C)); n=33/30 (SFB-gavaged Jax;PBS/poly(I:C)); 7-8 independent experiments). e, Representative images of adult offspring brains from PBS-/poly(I:C)-injected mothers. Arrows indicate cortical patches. Scale bar, 100 μm (n=3/3 (PBS;Tac/Jax); n=3/3 (PBS;co-housed Jax/SFB-gavaged Jax); n=4/3 (poly(I:C);Tac/Jax); n=3/3 (poly(I:C);co-housed Jax/SFB-gavaged Jax)). f, Maternal plasma concentrations of IL-17a 48 hrs after administration of PBS/poly(I:C) into dams at E12.5 (n=6/group; 2 independent experiments). ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 as calculated by one-way (a-c) and two-way (d) ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc tests and Student’s t-test (f). N.S., not significant. Graphs indicate mean +/− s.e.m.