Table 1.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Study Population
| Characteristic* | N=419 |
|---|---|
| Age at enrollment, years | 59 (48–69) |
| White race, N (%) | 368 (88%) |
| Male sex, N (%) | 215 (51%) |
| Education, years | 12 (12–14) |
| IQCODE-SF at enrollment | 3 (3.00–3.06) |
| Katz ADL at enrollment | 0 (0–1) |
| FAQ at enrollment | 0 (0–2) |
| Clinical Frailty Scale at enrollment, N (%) | |
| ▪ Very fit | 20 (5%) |
| ▪ Well | 77 (18%) |
| ▪ Well, treated comorbid disease | 138 (33%) |
| ▪ Apparently vulnerable | 82 (20%) |
| ▪ Mildly frail | 54 (13%) |
| ▪ Moderately frail | 42 (10%) |
| ▪ Severely frail | 6 (1%) |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 2 (1–4) |
| Framingham stroke risk | 9 (5–14) |
| SOFA score at ICU admission | 9 (7–12) |
| APACHE II at ICU admission | 25 (19–30) |
| ICU type | |
| ▪ Medical | 265 (63%) |
| ▪ Surgical | 154 (37%) |
| IL-6 at enrollment, ng/mL | 35.6 (9.6–108.3) |
| Severe sepsis in the ICU, N (%) | 271 (65%) |
| ▪ Duration among exposed, days | 4 (2–8.5) |
| Mechanical ventilation, N (%) | 382 (91%) |
| ▪ Duration among exposed, days | 2.3 (1.0–6.0) |
| Delirium, N (%) | 320 (76%) |
| ▪ Duration among exposed, days | 3 (2–6.5) |
| Coma, N (%) | 239 (57%) |
| ▪ Duration among exposed, days | 3 (1–5) |
| ICU length of stay, days | 4.9 (2.6–10.1) |
| Hospital length of stay, days | 10.8 (6.3–18.1) |
| RBANS global score | |
| ▪ 3-month follow-up (N=340) | 79 (70–86) |
| ▪ 12-month follow-up (N=295) | 80 (71–87) |
| Trails B T-score | |
| ▪ 3-month follow-up (N=353) | 41 (33–49) |
| ▪ 12-month follow-up (N=300) | 42 (35–50) |
| Katz ADL score | |
| ▪ 3-month follow-up (N=391) | 0 (0–1) |
| ▪ 12-month follow-up (N=341) | 0 (0–1) |
| FAQ score | |
| ▪ 3-month follow-up (N=385) | 3 (0–9) |
| ▪ 12-month follow-up (N=339) | 2 (0–8) |
Median (interquartile range) or N (percentage).
Participant characteristics and cognitive and functional outcomes of the cohort at 3 and 12 months are displayed. The RBANS has a mean (standard deviation) population age-adjusted score of 100±15 with lower scores indicating worse global cognitive function. For comparison, reported mean scores among patients with moderate traumatic brain injury and mild Alzheimer’s disease were 78 and 70, respectively. The Trails B has an age-, sex-, and education-adjusted mean score of 50±10 with lower scores indicating worse executive function. A Katz ADL or FAQ score greater than 0 indicates disability in at least one domain of daily living. The median RBANS global cognition scores were approximately 1.5 standard deviations below adjusted population mean, a level indicative of significant cognitive impairment. The median Trails B executive function scores were approximately 1 standard deviation below adjusted population mean. The median functional scores demonstrated some dependence in instrumental ADLs (FAQ score) but not on basic ADLs (Katz ADL score).
Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; FAQ, Functional Activities Questionnaire; ICU, intensive care unit; IQCODE-SF, Short Form Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly; RBANS, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.