Table 1. Cohort characteristics stratified by the presence of RAC.
| Variable | Total (n = 1,287) | RAC > 0 (n = 429) | RAC = 0 (n = 858) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD)a | 67.7 (9.2) | 71.8 (8.7) | 63.5 (8.6) | <0.01 | |
| Gender, n (%)b | 0.52 | ||||
| Female | 717 (56) | 244 (57) | 469 (55) | ||
| Male | 570 (44) | 185 (43) | 389 (45) | ||
| Race/ethnicity, n (%)c | 0.19 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 473 (37) | 169 (39) | 304 (36) | ||
| Chinese-American | 179 (14) | 52 (12) | 127 (15) | ||
| African-American | 278 (22) | 84 (20) | 194 (23) | ||
| Hispanic | 357 (28) | 124 (29) | 233 (27) | ||
| BMI (kg/mg2), mean (SD)d | 28.1 (5.5) | 28.4 (5.5) | 27.8 (5.3) | 0.08 | |
| WC (cm), mean (SD)d | 98.1 (15.1) | 99.3 (15.0) | 96.9 (14.6) | <0.01 | |
| HC (cm), mean (SD)d | 104.0 (11.6) | 104.6 (11.5) | 103.4 (11.1) | 0.03 | |
| WHR, mean (SD)d | 0.94 (0.07) | 0.95 (0.08) | 0.94 (0.06) | <0.01 | |
| Smoking status, n (%)d | <0.01 | ||||
| Never | 600 (47) | 180 (42) | 420 (49) | ||
| Former | 548 (43) | 187 (44) | 361 (42) | ||
| Current | 139 (11) | 62 (15) | 77 (9) | ||
| Total moderate and vigorous activity level (METs/week), median (interquartile range)d | 735.0 (99.4-1762.5) | 747.0 (110.4-1659.0) | 798.0 (100.5-1644.0) | 0.41 | |
| Total sedentary (leisure) level (METs/week), median (interquartile range)d | 1470.0 (930.0-2280.0) | 1471.4 (948.2-2270.0) | 1450.7 (961.0-2575.5) | 0.09 | |
| Highest level of education, n (%)d | <0.01 | ||||
| High school graduate or less | 490 (38) | 194 (45) | 296 (35) | ||
| Some college | 217 (17) | 68 (16) | 149 (17) | ||
| College graduate or higher | 580 (45) | 168 (39) | 412 (48) | ||
| Family history of CVD, n (%)d | 214 (17) | 86 (20) | 112 (13) | <0.01 | |
| Hypertension, n (%)d | 777 (60) | 292 (68) | 451 (53) | <0.01 | |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%)d | 535 (42) | 205 (48) | 304 (35) | <0.01 | |
| Diabetes, n (%)d | 203 (16) | 82 (19) | 108 (13) | <0.01 | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), mean(SD)d | 76.0 (15.9) | 75.0 (15.8) | 77.0 (15.3) | 0.02 | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L), median (interquartile range)d | 1.5 (0.8-3.4) | 1.7 (0.7-3.0) | 1.4 (0.6-3.5) | 0.22 | |
| Interleukin-6 (pg/mL), median (interquartile range)d | 1.9 (1.2-3.0) | 2.2 (1.0-3.5) | 1.2 (1.0-2.9) | <0.001 | |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL), median (interquartile range)d | 431.0 (382.0-489.0) | 440.5 (312.0-445.0) | 436.2 (355.0-467.3) | 0.32 | |
| Leptin (ng/mL), median (interquartile range)d | 14.0 (5.8-30.4) | 15.6 (6.8-32.0) | 14.0 (5.9-29.5) | 0.19 | |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL), median (interquartile range)d | 17.8 (12.1-26.9) | 16.8 (13.9-27.0) | 18.0 (13.0-29.5) | 0.70 | |
| TNF-α (pg/mL), median (interquartile range)d | 4.6 (3.4-6.4) | 4.5 (3.3-6.8) | 4.6 (3.5-7.0) | 0.22 | |
| Resistin (ng/mL), median (interquartile range)d | 15.2 (11.9-19.5) | 16.8 (10.5-21.2) | 15.0 (10.8-20.5) | 0.047 | |
a
Adjusted for gender and race.
b
Adjusted for age and race.
c
Adjusted for age and gender.
d
Adjusted for age, gender, and race.