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. 2018 Mar 27;15(3):e1002540. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002540

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© 2018 Lawson et al

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig 2 — Model based on a revised version of Wilson and Cleary’s health-related quality of life conceptual model [16,17]. The arrows represent direct relationships for patient and environmental factors as well as 4 of the 5 health domains: bio-physiological status (comorbidities), symptoms, functional status, and general health perception. Only arrows between adjacent domains are displayed, but it is postulated that each domain may have other direct relationships with any of the proceeding domains, and patient and environmental factors are related to every domain. ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; EQ-VAS, EuroQol–5 dimension visual analogue scale; HF, heart failure.