Table 3. Echocardiographic characteristics.
| Characteristic | Multimorbidity group | p-Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elderly/AF, N = 1,048 | Metabolic, N = 1,129 | Young, N = 1,759 | Ischemic, N = 1,261 | Lean diabetic, N = 1,283 | ||
| LV dimensions | ||||||
| LV end diastolic dimension, mm | 58 (51, 66) | 59 (52, 66) | 61 (54, 68) | 60 (55, 66) | 57 (50, 63) | <0.001* |
| LV end systolic dimension, mm | 48 (36, 56) | 49 (36, 57) | 52 (43, 60) | 51 (43, 58) | 46 (36, 54) | <0.001* |
| LV end diastolic volume, ml | 139 (101, 192) | 156 (111, 206) | 174 (132, 223) | 164 (128, 207) | 137 (102, 179) | <0.001* |
| LV end systolic volume, ml | 92 (52, 137) | 104 (56, 151) | 124 (84, 170) | 115 (84, 154) | 90 (55, 130) | <0.001* |
| LV end diastolic volume indexed to BSA, ml/m2 | 88 (64, 116) | 86 (63, 111) | 101 (79, 128) | 97 (76, 122) | 79 (61, 103) | <0.001* |
| LV end systolic volume indexed to BSA, ml/m2 | 60 (36, 83) | 60 (39, 81) | 72 (50, 97) | 69 (50, 90) | 53 (34, 74) | <0.001* |
| IVSD, mm | 9.6 (8.0, 11.0) | 10.0 (8.4, 12.0) | 9.0 (8.0, 10.0) | 9.0 (7.7, 10.0) | 10.0 (8.2, 12.0) | <0.001* |
| PWTD, mm | 9.5 (8.0, 11.0) | 10.0 (9.0, 11.5) | 9.0 (8.0, 10.0) | 9.0 (8.0, 10.0) | 10.0 (8.0, 11.0) | <0.001* |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.32 (0.26, 0.40) | 0.34 (0.28, 0.42) | 0.30 (0.25, 0.36) | 0.31 (0.26, 0.36) | 0.34 (0.28, 0.43) | <0.001* |
| LV mass, g | 213 (164, 276) | 228 (180, 297) | 225 (175, 283) | 211 (174, 258) | 210 (167, 264) | <0.001* |
| LV mass indexed to BSA, g/m2 | 132 (104, 165) | 128 (100, 161) | 130 (104, 164) | 126 (102, 152) | 122 (98, 152) | <0.001* |
| LV hypertrophy | 555 (70.3%) | 536 (67.4%) | 919 (70.6%) | 604 (63.7%) | 565 (63.0%) | <0.001* |
| Concentric remodeling | 183 (21.6%) | 236 (26.1%) | 173 (12.6%) | 124 (12.4%) | 263 (27.2%) | <0.001* |
| Systolic function | ||||||
| LV ejection fraction, percent | 31 (24, 39) | 31 (23, 39) | 29 (23, 36) | 30 (23, 35) | 32 (25, 39) | <0.001* |
| Diastolic function | ||||||
| E wave, cm/s | 81 (61, 103) | 81 (62, 100) | 75 (56, 96) | 80 (61, 99) | 88 (68, 108) | <0.001* |
| A wave, cm/s | 62 (39, 83) | 66 (40, 87) | 59 (40, 77) | 56 (35, 80) | 69 (40, 87) | <0.001* |
| E′ medial, cm/s | 4.8 (3.6, 6.0) | 4.0 (3.3, 5.6) | 4.6 (3.6, 6.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 5.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 5.0) | <0.001* |
| E/e′ ratio | 17.1 (12.5, 23.6) | 17.8 (13.4, 25.0) | 15.5 (11.7, 21.2) | 19.6 (14.3, 27.4) | 20.3 (15.1, 27.3) | <0.001* |
| E/a′ ratio | 1.1 (0.7, 2.2) | 1.2 (0.8, 2.2) | 1.2 (0.8, 2.1) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.6) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.4) | <0.001* |
| LA dimensions | ||||||
| LA volume, ml | 80 (57, 110) | 63 (41, 87) | 57 (37, 83) | 57 (38, 81) | 67 (48, 89) | <0.001* |
| LA volume indexed to BSA, ml/m2 | 50 (33, 66) | 35 (23, 49) | 34 (20, 49) | 33 (23, 46) | 39 (28, 51) | <0.001* |
Data given as median (IQR) or number (percent).
*Significant after Benjamini–Hochberg correction using a false discovery rate of 0.05.
BSA, body surface area; IVSD, interventricular septal thickness in diastole; LA, left atrial; LV, left ventricle; PWTD, posterior wall thickness in diastole.