Table 1. Ingredients, analyzed chemical composition and energy contents of partial mixed ration and concentrates used in close-up and lactation diets.
| Partial mixed ration1 | Concentrate2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close-up | Lactation | C13 | C1*PBLC+B | C24 | |
| Ingredients (as fed) | g/kg | g/kg | g/kg | g/kg | g/kg |
| Grass silage | 423 | 528 | |||
| Corn silage | 423 | 407 | |||
| Straw | 95 | 4 | |||
| Wheat | 20 | 155 | 155 | ||
| Protein booster5 | 42 | 29 | |||
| Premix P16 | 17 | ||||
| Premix P27 | 12 | ||||
| Rape extraction meal | 270 | 270 | 330 | ||
| Soy extraction meal | 330 | ||||
| Corn | 180 | 178 | 330 | ||
| Sugar beet molasses | 10 | ||||
| Palm kernel expeller | 250 | 250 | |||
| Molassed beet pulp | 50 | 50 | |||
| Dried beet pulp | 50 | 50 | |||
| Sugar beet molasses | 15 | 15 | |||
| Glucose molasses | 10 | 10 | |||
| Rapeseed | 10 | 10 | |||
| Calcium carbonate | 8 | 8 | |||
| Sodium chloride | 1 | 1 | |||
| Premix P38 | 1 | 1 | |||
| CRINA® Ruminants9 | 2 | ||||
| ROVIMIX Biotin9 | 0.04 | ||||
| Dry matter (DM) | 360 ± 11.6 | 358 ± 6.9 | 894 ± 5.2 | 893 ± 5.5 | 887 ± 4.2 |
| Chemical composition | g/kg DM | g/kg DM | g/kg DM | g/kg DM | g/kg DM |
| Crude ash | 90 ± 2.2 | 89 ± 2.8 | 60 ± 1.0 | 64 ± 0.6 | 59 ± 0.0 |
| Crude protein | 136 ± 4.9 | 143 ± 3.7 | 196 ± 2.6 | 202 ± 3.2 | 305 ± 5.6 |
| Utilizable crude protein | 138 ± 2.5 | 143 ± 3.7 | |||
| Crude fibre | 250 ± 9.5 | 235 ± 8.7 | 111 ± 8.0 | 128 ± 3.9 | 86 ± 3.7 |
| Crude fat | 36 ± 1.0 | 42 ± 3.1 | 38 ± 1.7 | 34 ± 4.0 | 36 ± 1.5 |
| Sugar | 10 ± 3.7 | 13 ± 3.1 | 80 ± 3.5 | 85 ± 5.4 | 67 ± 3.8 |
| Starch | 109 ± 11.0 | 125 ± 11.5 | 283 ± 5.7 | 235 ± 1.5 | 297 ± 3.0 |
| aNDFom10 | 467 ± 10.7 | 448 ± 8.7 | 308 ± 4.8 | 341 ± 0.9 | 191 ± 5.0 |
| ADFom10 | 260 ± 9.1 | 244 ± 9.6 | 166 ± 5.8 | 203 ± 0.7 | 125 ± 4.4 |
| ADL10 | 27 ± 0.8 | 24 ± 1.7 | 53 ± 1.2 | 73 ± 1.2 | 41 ± 0.7 |
| NFC10 | 271 ± 9.4 | 279 ± 5.1 | 398 ± 8.4 | 359 ± 2.9 | 408 ± 1.7 |
| Energy | MJ/kg DM | MJ/kg DM | MJ/kg DM | MJ/kg DM | MJ/kg DM |
| Metabolic energy | 10.0 ± 0.2 | 10.4 ± 0.3 | 12.6 ± 0.1 | 12.3 ± 0.1 | 13.3 ± 0.0 |
| Net energy for lactation | 6.0 ± 0.1 | 6.3 ± 0.2 | 7.9 ± 0.0 | 7.5 ± 0.1 | 8.4 ± 0.0 |
1Samples were taken weekly and pooled over two months for chemical analyses; chemical analysis data are means ± SEM of four (close-up diet) to five analyses (lactation diet).
2Samples were taken weekly and pooled over two or four months for chemical analysis; chemical analysis data are means ± SEM of three analyses.
3Based on milk-performance feed TvP Exclusiv 18/7 (Trede & von Pein)
4Based on soybean meal:rapeseed meal:corn, 1:1:1 (Trede & von Pein, Dammfleth, Germany)
5Protein booster, Lacto36solo (Trede & von Pein) containing (per kg): 480 g rape extraction meal, 480 g steam-heated soy extraction meal, and 40 g sugar beet molasses
6Premix P1, SALVAmin Prenatal TR-40 (with SALVANA dairy vital complex) (SALVANA Tiernahrung GmbH, Sparrieshoop, Germany) containing (per kg): 299 g MgO2, 258 g Ca(H2PO4)2, 220 g NaCl, 60 g wheat, 47 g sugar beet pulp, 20 g sugar beet molasses, 10 g fruit pulp, vitamin and mineral mix (the latter containing 900,000 IU vitamin A, 200,000 IU vitamin D3, 10,000 mg vitamin E, 950 mg Cu as CuSO4×5H2O, 250 mg Cu as Cu2(OH)3Cl, 5,500 mg Zn as ZnO, 1000 mg Zn as ZnCl(OH)×H2O, 5,000 mg Mn as MgO2, 50 mg I as Ca(IO3)2, 35 mg Se as Na2SeO3, 10 mg Se as rumen-protected Na2SeO3, 5 mg Se in organic form as Saccharomyces cerevisae, 50 mg Co as CoCO3, and 33 × 109 KBE Saccharomyces cerivisea)
7Premix P2, SALVANA Rinderstolz 9848 GF 600 (SALVANA Tiernahrung GmbH) containing (per kg): 336 g RaPass, 334 g calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids, 87 g calcium carbonate, 86 g sodium chloride, 56 g monocalciumphosphat, 30 g magnesiumoxid, 12 g sugar beet molasses,190,000 IU vitamin A, 19,000 IU vitamin D3, 1,500 mg vitamin E, 288 mg Cu as CuSO4×5H2O, 72 mg Cu as Cu2(OH)3Cl, 1,100 mg Zn as ZnO, 300 mg Zn as ZnCl(OH)×H2O, 100 mg Zn as glycin zinc chelate hydrate, 1,140 mg Mn as MgO2, 14 mg I as Ca(IO3)2, 6 mg Se as Na2SeO3, 4 mg Se as rumen-protected Na2SeO3, 9 mg Co as CoCO3×H2O, and 33 × 109 KBE Saccharomyces cerevisiae
8Premix P3, Premix cow 0.1% 8399 (Trede & von Pein) containing (per kg): 938 g calcium carbonate, 7,500,000 IU vitamin A, 875,000 IU vitamin D3, 19 g Mn as MgO3, 0.1 g I as Ca(IO3)2, 0.4 g Se as Na2SeO3, 0.2 g Co as CoCO3×H2O, 40 g Zn as ZnO
9Analyzed concentrations in the final C1*PBLC+B concentrate were 1.03 g/kg PBLC and 0.034 g/kg biotin.
10aNDFom = Neutral detergent fiber corrected for residual ash and analyzed with amylase; ADFom = acid detergent fiber corrected for residual ash; ADL = acid detergent lignin; NFC = non-fibre carbohydrates [100 - (% aNDFom + % crude protein + % crude fat + % crude ash)].