Table 1.

Summary of the 18 Articles Identified Through the Systematic Review.

Study No.	First Author (Year of Publication)	N	Male	Female	Age in Years, Mean (Range)	Lesion Size (cm2) Mean (Range)	Level of Evidence	Level of Evidence, Study Methodology	Scaffolding Adjuvant	Injectable Adjuvant	Microfracture Only Cohort	IKDC	VAS Pain	Lysholm	Cincinnati	WOMAC	Tegner	KOOS
1	Becher et al. (2015)33	5	3	2	27.6 (15-40)	4.0 (3.0-5.0)	Level IV	Case series		✓								✓
2	Enea et al. (2015)28	9	5	4	51.0 (28-70)	3.5 (1.8-9.0)	Level IV	Case series	✓			✓	✓	✓			✓
3	Koh et al. (2016)13	80	30	50	38.7 (18-50)	4.7	Level II	Randomized controlled trial		✓	✓		✓	✓				✓
4	Shive et al. (2015)24	80	48	32	36.1 (18-55)	2.1	Level I	Randomized controlled trial	✓		✓					✓
5a	Siclari et al. (2014)34	52	20	32	44.0 (31-65)	2.7 (1.5-5.0)	Level IV	Case series		✓								✓
6	Anders et al. (2013)22	38	31	7	37.1 (21-50)	3.4 (2.1-6.6)	Level II	Randomized controlled trial	✓		✓				✓
7	Chung et al. (2013)29	36	16	20	46.3	1.4	Level II	Randomized controlled trial	✓		✓	✓	✓
8	Enea et al. (2013)30	9	5	4	48	2.6	Level IV	Case series	✓			✓	✓	✓			✓
9	Gille et al. (2013)22	57	38	19	37.3 (17-61)	3.4 (1.0-9.0)	Level IV	Case series	✓				✓	✓			✓
10	Saw et al. (2013)35	49	17	32	39.9 (22-50)	Not stated	Level II	Randomized controlled trialb		✓		✓						✓
11	Siclari et al. (2013)16	52	20	32	44.0 (31-65)	2.7 (1.5-5.0)	Level IV	Case series		✓
12	Lee et al. (2012)15	49	29	20	46 (41-48)	<4	Level II	Randomized controlled trial		✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
13	Lee et al. (2012)14	70	36	34	<55	N/A	Level II	Randomized controlled trialb		✓		✓	✓	✓
14a	Siclari et al. (2012)36	52	20	32	44.0 (31-65)	2.7 (1.5-5.0)	Level IV	Case series		✓								✓
15	Dhollander et al. (2011)31	5	2	3	29.8 (16-39)	2.5 (1.5-5.0)	Level IV	Case series	✓								✓	✓
16	Kusano et al. (2011)23	40	23	17	45.3	3.9	Level IV	Case series	✓			✓		✓			✓
17	Gille et al. (2010)32	27	16	11	39 (16-50)	4.2 (1.3-8.8)	Level IV	Case series	✓					✓	✓
18	Pascarella et al. (2009)20	19	12	7	26 (18-50)	3.6 (2.8-3.9)	Level IV	Case series	✓			✓		✓

IKDC = International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form; KOOS = Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; N/A = not applicable; VAS = visual analog scale; WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.

^aDenotes case series following the same group of enrolled patients with outcomes described in three separate publications.

^bRandomized trial compares 2 different microfracture plus adjuvant interventions.