Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of clients enrolled in the Arizona Smokers’ Helpline, by presence or absence of chronic or mental health conditions, 2011-2016a
| Characteristics | Total (n = 39 779) | No Comorbid Conditionb (n = 11 847) | CHCb Only (n = 12 868) | MHCc Only (n = 5124) | CHCb + MHCc (n = 9940) | P Valued |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 50.0 (14.1) | 45.2 (13.6) | 55.9 (13.4) | 43.3 (13.0) | 51.5 (12.5) | <.001 |
| Fagerström score, mean (SD)e | 4.7 (2.3) | 4.5 (2.3) | 4.6 (2.3) | 4.9 (2.3) | 5.2 (2.2) | <.001 |
| Cigarettes per day, mean (SD) | 17.4 (10.6) | 16.7 (9.3) | 17.5 (10.3) | 16.9 (10.1) | 18.3 (12.6) | <.001 |
| Sex | <.001 | |||||
| Male | 17 188 (43.5) | 6103 (51.9) | 6116 (47.9) | 1886 (37.0) | 3083 (31.2) | |
| Female | 22 329 (56.5) | 5648 (48.1) | 6664 (52.1) | 3213 (63.0) | 6804 (68.8) | |
| Race | <.001 | |||||
| White | 29 033 (73.0) | 8218 (69.4) | 9324 (27.5) | 3890 (75.9) | 7601 (76.5) | |
| Nonwhite | 10 746 (27.0) | 3629 (30.6) | 3544 (27.5) | 1234 (24.1) | 2339 (23.5) | |
| Ethnicity | <.001 | |||||
| Hispanic | 6492 (20.1) | 2505 (25.1) | 1919 (18.3) | 819 (19.9) | 1249 (16.2) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 25 855 (79.9) | 7483 (74.9) | 8596 (81.8) | 3291 (80.1) | 6485 (83.8) | |
| Education | <.001 | |||||
| ≤High school diploma | 17 753 (45.8) | 5427 (47.2) | 5863 (46.9) | 2136 (42.6) | 4327 (44.5) | |
| >High school diploma | 20 984 (54.2) | 6066 (52.8) | 6639 (53.1) | 2882 (57.4) | 5397 (55.5) | |
| Insurance | <.001 | |||||
| Insured | 18 412 (53.0) | 5663 (55.3) | 6592 (58.5) | 2126 (47.7) | 4031 (46.0) | |
| Uninsured or underinsured | 16 312 (47.0) | 4575 (44.7) | 4673 (41.5) | 2331 (52.3) | 4733 (54.0) | |
| Type of CHC | ||||||
| Cancer | 3179 (14.2) | — | 1812 (14.3) | — | 1367 (14.0) | .59 |
| COPD | 6327 (28.2) | — | 3199 (25.2) | — | 3128 (32.1) | <.001 |
| Heart disease | 3901 (17.4) | — | 2228 (17.5) | — | 1673 (17.1) | .40 |
| Asthma | 7783 (34.4) | — | 3642 (28.5) | — | 4141 (42.0) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 5493 (24.4) | — | 3045 (23.9) | — | 2448 (24.9) | .07 |
| Hypertension | 12 831 (56.7) | — | 7385 (57.8) | — | 5446 (55.3) | <.001 |
| Had ≥1 CHCb | 12 444 (46.9) | — | 6427 (43.2) | — | 6017 (51.5) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: CHC, chronic health condition; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MHC, mental health condition.
aData source: Arizona Smokers’ Helpline (unpublished data). All values are number (percentage), unless otherwise indicated. Not all participants answered all questions, so numbers in each category may not sum to number in the column header. Percentages are based on the number of participants who answered the question. Missing baseline data ranged from 0%-5%.
bCHCs were asthma, COPD, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, or cancer.
cMHCs were anxiety disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, substance use, or schizophrenia.
d P values were determined by analyses of variance. P < .05 was considered significant.
eFagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence.16 Scores ranged from 0-10 (0-4 = low nicotine dependence, 5 = moderate nicotine dependence, and 6-10 = high nicotine dependence).