Table 3.
Questions Pertaining to the Perceptions, Uses of, and Interests in Complementary Health Care Approaches.
| Response | Question and Frequency | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1. Have you ever used a complementary health care health care approach (N = 984)? | ||||||||
| Nondepressed, n (%) | Depressed, n (%) | Overall, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 260 (36.0) | 69 (26.4) | 329 (33.4) | |||||
| No | 463 (64.0) | 192 (73.6) | 655 (66.6) | |||||
| Q2. Type and time of complementary health care approach used: | ||||||||
| Previous pregnancy | Prepregnancy | Currently | ||||||
| Nondepressed, n (%) | Depressed, n (%) | Nondepressed, n (%) | Depressed, n (%) | Nondepressed, n (%) | Depressed, n (%) | |||
| N = 260 | N = 69 | N = 260 | N = 69 | N = 260 | N = 69 | |||
| Yoga | 68 (26.2) | 20 (29.0) | 165 (63.5) | 39 (56.5) | 95 (36.5) | 23 (33.3) | ||
| Meditation | 29 (11.2) | 11 (15.9) | 85 (32.7) | 27 (39.1) | 67 (25.8) | 20 (29.0) | ||
| Mindfulness | 24 (9.2) | 6 (8.7) | 65 (25.0) | 18 (26.1) | 59 (22.7) | 15 (21.7) | ||
| Qigong | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | 6 (2.3) | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Acupuncture | 9 (3.5) | 1 (1.4) | 44 (16.9) | 8 (11.6) | 6 (2.3) | 3 (4.3) | ||
| Chiropractic | 51 (19.6) | 9 (13.0) | 101 (38.8) | 28 (40.6) | 67 (25.8) | 12 (17.4) | ||
| Naturopathy | 11 (4.2) | 5 (7.2) | 32 (12.3) | 6 (8.7) | 13 (5.0) | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Massage | 55 (21.2) | 14 (20.3) | 142 (54.6) | 35 (50.7) | 88 (33.8) | 18 (26.1) | ||
| Aruveyda | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (4.6) | 5 (7.2) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Tai Chi | 2 (0.8) | 3 (4.3) | 5 (1.9) | 2 (2.9) | 5 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Chinese medicine | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (7.3) | 2 (2.9) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (2.9) | ||
| Homeopathy | 24 (9.2) | 3 (4.3) | 58 (22.3) | 8 (11.6) | 35 (13.5) | 6 (8.7) | ||
| Biofeedback | 1 (0.4) | 2 (2.9) | 7 (2.7) | 2 (2.9) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Prayer | 81 (31.2) | 18 (26.1) | 113 (43.5) | 28 (40.6) | 117 (45.0) | 30 (43.5) | ||
| Shamanism | 2 (0.8) | 1 (1.4) | 4 (1.5) | 3 (4.3) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Energy healing (eg, Reiki) | 7 (2.7) | 1 (1.4) | 21 (8.1) | 4 (5.8) | 11 (4.2) | 3 (4.3) | ||
| Q2a. When using yoga, meditation, mindfulness, Tai Chi, or Qigong, was a meditative state encouraged and/or did you strive to achieve a meditative state (ie, focusing on breath, acknowledging the present moment)? | ||||||||
| Nondepressed, n (%) | Depressed, n (%) | Overall, n (%) | ||||||
| N = 213 | N = 59 | N = 272 | ||||||
| Yes | 164 (77.0) | 42 (71.2) | 206 (75.74) | |||||
| No | 49 (23.0) | 17 (28.8) | 66 (24.26) | |||||
| Q2b. Reasons for using complementary health care approaches: | ||||||||
| N = 260 | N = 69 | N = 329 | ||||||
| Relaxation | 208 (80.0) | 52 (75.4) | 260 (79.0) | |||||
| Stress reduction | 182 (70.0) | 53 (76.8) | 235 (71.4) | |||||
| Weight loss/management | 36 (13.8) | 16 (23.2) | 52 (15.8) | |||||
| Illness | 21 (8.1) | 5 (7.2) | 26 (7.9) | |||||
| Pain management | 119 (45.8) | 31 (44.9) | 150 (45.6) | |||||
| Allergies | 12 (4.6) | 1 (1.4) | 13 (4.0) | |||||
| Restore energy imbalances | 37 (14.2) | 6 (8.7) | 43 (13.1) | |||||
| Other | 14 (05.4) | 4 (5.8) | 18 (5.5) | |||||
| Q2c. What benefits do you like about using complementary health care approaches? | ||||||||
| N = 260 | N = 69 | N = 329 | ||||||
| Improved emotional health | 160 (61.5) | 43 (62.3) | 203 (61.7) | |||||
| Improved spiritual health | 110 (42.3) | 27 (39.1) | 137 (41.6) | |||||
| Improved mental health | 150 (57.7) | 46 (66.7) | 196 (59.6) | |||||
| Treating the whole person | 99 (38.1) | 27 (39.1) | 126 (38.3) | |||||
| Focus on prevention | 77 (29.6) | 14 (20.3) | 91 (27.7) | |||||
| Limited side effects | 106 (40.8) | 20 (29.0) | 136 (41.3) | |||||
| Stress reduction | 178 (68.5) | 46 (66.7) | 224 (68.1) | |||||
| Relaxation | 203 (78.1) | 45 (65.2) | 248 (75.4) | |||||
| Enjoyable | 146 (56.2) | 35 (50.7) | 181 (55.0) | |||||
| Weight loss/management | 30 (11.5) | 9 (13.0) | 39 (11.9) | |||||
| Physical strengthening | 67 (25.8) | 22 (31.9) | 89 (27.1) | |||||
| Other | 8 (3.1) | 3 (4.3) | 11 (3.3) | |||||
| Q2d. What extent do you feel that complementary health care approaches help improve your condition(s)? | ||||||||
| N = 258 | N = 68 | N = 326 | ||||||
| Very much | 129 (50.0) | 26 (38.2) | 155 (47.5) | |||||
| Somewhat | 105 (40.7) | 31 (45.6) | 136 (41.7) | |||||
| Undecided | 17 (6.6) | 8 (11.8) | 25 (7.7) | |||||
| Not really | 4 (1.6) | 2 (02.9) | 6 (1.8) | |||||
| Not at all | 3 (1.2) | 1 (1.5) | 4 (1.2) | |||||
| Q2e. Do you use complementary health care approaches as an alternative (ie, instead of) to conventional health care? | ||||||||
| N = 255 | N = 67 | N = 322 | ||||||
| Yes | 23 (9.0) | 14 (20.9) | 37 (11.5) | |||||
| No | 232 (91.0) | 53 (79.1) | 285 (88.5) | |||||
| Q3. What are your reasons for not trying a complementary health care approach? | ||||||||
| N = 463 | N = 192 | N = 655 | ||||||
| Nowhere to try it out | 79 (17.1) | 34 (17.7) | 113 (17.3) | |||||
| Injury | 4 (0.9) | 6 (3.1) | 110 (16.8) | |||||
| Soreness | 9 (1.9) | 15 (7.8) | 24 (3.7) | |||||
| Emotional trigger | 4 (0.9) | 27 (14.1) | 31 (4.7) | |||||
| Irritability | 5 (1.1) | 15 (7.8) | 20 (3.1) | |||||
| Cost | 104 (22.5) | 25 (13.0) | 129 (19.7) | |||||
| Boring | 24 (5.2) | 9 (4.7) | 33 (5.0) | |||||
| Don’t know much about it | 308 (66.5) | 90 (46.9) | 398 (60.8) | |||||
| Clashes with religious beliefs | 8 (1.7) | 1 (0.5) | 9 (1.4) | |||||
| Safety concerns | 44 (9.5) | 14 (7.3) | 58 (8.9) | |||||
| Other | 22 (4.8) | 4 (2.1) | 26 (4.0) | |||||
| Q4. During pregnancy, have you ever thought of using complementary health care approaches to: | ||||||||
| N = 702 | N = 256 | N = 960 | ||||||
| Manage weight only | 37 (5.3) | 22 (8.6) | 59 (6.1) | |||||
| Manage weight and stress | 202 (28.8) | 71 (27.7) | 273 (28.4) | |||||
| Manage stress only | 149 (19.6) | 88 (34.4) | 237 (24.7) | |||||
| Neither | 314 (44.7) | 75 (29.3) | 389 (40.5) | |||||
| Q5. During pregnancy, would you ever consider using complementary health care approaches to: | ||||||||
| N = 704 | N = 256 | N = 960 | ||||||
| Manage weight only | 34 (4.8) | 25 (9.8) | 59 (6.1) | |||||
| Manage weight and stress | 362 (51.4) | 118 (46.1) | 480 (50.0) | |||||
| Manage stress only | 122 (17.3) | 71 (27.7) | 193 (20.1) | |||||
| Neither | 186 (26.4) | 42 (16.4) | 228 (23.8) | |||||
| Q6. What types of complementary health care approaches would you be interested in using to manage your weight during pregnancy? (n = those who selected manage weight only or manage weight and stress in Question 5) | ||||||||
| N = 396 | N = 143 | N = 539 | ||||||
| Yoga | 338 (85.4) | 101 (70.6) | 439 (81.4) | |||||
| Meditation | 137 (34.6) | 53 (37.1) | 190 (35.3) | |||||
| Mindfulness | 79 (19.9) | 28 (19.6) | 107 (19.9) | |||||
| Acupuncture | 71 (17.9) | 22 (15.4) | 93 (17.3) | |||||
| Chiropractic | 145 (36.6) | 51 (35.7) | 196 (36.4) | |||||
| Naturopathy | 30 (7.6) | 14 (9.8) | 44 (8.2) | |||||
| Massage | 255 (64.4) | 72 (50.3) | 327 (60.7) | |||||
| Aruveyda | 14 (3.5) | 6 (4.2) | 20 (3.7) | |||||
| Qigong | 9 (2.3) | 1 (0.7) | 10 (1.9) | |||||
| Tai Chi | 26 (6.6) | 4 (2.8) | 30 (5.6) | |||||
| Any | 63 (15.9) | 35 (24.5) | 98 (18.2) | |||||
| Other | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.6) | |||||
| Q7. What types of complementary health care approaches would you be interested in using to manage your stress during pregnancy? (n = those who selected manage stress only or manage weight and stress in Question 5) | ||||||||
| N = 484 | N = 189 | N = 673 | ||||||
| Yoga | 361 (74.6) | 101 (53.4) | 462 (68.6) | |||||
| Meditation | 235 (48.6) | 70 (37.0) | 305 (45.3) | |||||
| Mindfulness | 123 (25.4) | 45 (23.8) | 168 (25.0) | |||||
| Acupuncture | 88 (18.2) | 36 (19.0) | 124 (18.4) | |||||
| Chiropractic | 165 (34.1) | 55 (29.1) | 220 (32.7) | |||||
| Naturopathy | 27 (5.6) | 13 (6.9) | 40 (5.9) | |||||
| Massage | 335 (69.2) | 78 (41.3) | 413 (61.4) | |||||
| Aruveyda | 10 (2.1) | 3 (1.6) | 13 (1.9) | |||||
| Qigong | 6 (1.2) | 1 (0.5) | 7 (1.0) | |||||
| Any | 80 (16.5) | 36 (19.0) | 116 (17.2) | |||||
| Other | 3 (0.6) | 3 (1.6) | 6 (0.9) | |||||