Table 6.
Literature Review on Plants Used in Preparing Aromatic Waters With Cardiovascular Indications.
| Aloe spp (Aloe vera, Aloe babadensis) | Antidiabetic and obesity | Phytosterol | In vivo51 | |
| Antihypertensive | Leaf extracts and constituents (Aloe-emodin. Aloin A, etc) | In vivo52 | ||
| Cardioprotective | Leaf gel | In vivo53,54 | ||
| Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic | Leaf gel | Clinical trial55–58 | ||
| Gel extracts | In vivo59,60 | |||
| Azarole howthorn (Crataegus azarolus L.) | Cardioprotective | Aqueous extract of aerial part | In vivo61 | |
| Antiarrhythmic | Aqueous extract of aerial part | In vivo62 | ||
| Anti-atherosclerosis | Aqueous extract of aerial part | In vitro63 | ||
| In vivo64,65 | ||||
| Antipalpitation | Aqueous extract of aerial part | Clinical trial66,67 | ||
| Hypotensive | Aqueous extract of aerial part | In vivo68 | ||
| Positive inotropic and negative chronotropic | Aqueous extract of aerial part | In vivo69 | ||
| Positive inotropic, diuretic and natriuretic | Procyanidine of the fruit | In vivo70 | ||
| Vasorelaxant | Aqueous extract of aerial part | In vivo71 | ||
| Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) | Antihypertension | Fruits in apple vinegar | Clinical trial72 | |
| Fruits aqueous extract | In vivo73,74 | |||
| Methanolic extract of root and bark | In vivo75 | |||
| Effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver | Fruits aqueous extract | Clinical trial76 | ||
| Hypoglycemic | Berberine | In vivo77 | ||
| Fruits aqueous extract | In vivo78,79 | |||
| Hypolipidemic | Fruits aqueous extract | In vivo80 | ||
| Ethanolic extracts of roots | In vivo81 | |||
| Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) | Antihypertension | Hydroalcoholic extract of aerial part | Clinical trial82 | |
| Hypolipidemic | Hydroalcoholic extract of aerial part | Clinical trial82–85 | ||
| Different fractions of leaves | In vivo86 | |||
| Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) | Anti-anemia (increase hemoglobin and WBC level) | Seed extracts | Clinical trial87 | |
| In vivo88–91 | ||||
| Antidiabetic | Seed extracts | Clinical trial92–95 | ||
| In vivo96–98 | ||||
| Antihypertension | Essential oil | In vivo99 | ||
| Hypolipidemic | Seed extract | Clinical trial100 | ||
| Seed extract | In vivo101 | |||
| Leaf extract | In vivo102,103 | |||
| Garlic (Allium sativum L.) | Anti-atherosclerosis | Aged garlic extract supplement | Clinical trial104,105 | |
| Antihypertension | Aqueous extract or powder | Clinical trial106–109 | ||
| Aqueous extract or powder | In vivo110–112 | |||
| Hypoglycemic effects | Aqueous extracts or powder | Clinical trial113,114 | ||
| Bulb extracts or powder | In vivo115–118 | |||
| Garlic oil | In vivo117,119 | |||
| Hypolipidemic | Aqueous extracts or powder | Clinical trial and In vivo114,120–126 | ||
| Effects on thrombocyte aggregation | Aqueous extract | In vivo127,128 | ||
| Olive (Olea europaea L.) | Antihypertension | Leaf extracts | Clinical trial129–134 | |
| Triterpenoids of the leaf | In vivo135–138 | |||
| Leaf extracts | In vivo135 | |||
| Cardiovascular protection | Olive oil | Clinical trial131,137–141 | ||
| Diuretic | Leaf extracts | In vivo142 | ||
| Hypoglycemic effects | Leaf extracts | Clinical trial and In vivo143–145 | ||
| Parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) | Antidiabetic | Extracts of aerial part | In vivo146,147 | |
| Antihypertension | Extracts of aerial part | In vivo146,148 | ||
| Antiplatelet | Aqueous extracts | In vitro148–150 | ||
| Cardiovascular protection | Extracts of aerial part | In vivo151,152 | ||
| Diuretic | Extracts of aerial part | In vivo and in vitro153,154 | ||
| Poleygermander (Teucrium polium L.) | Antidiabetic | Extracts of aerial part | Clinical trial155 | |
| In vivo156–159 | ||||
| Antihypertension | Extracts of aerial part | In vivo160,161 | ||
| Hypolipidemic | Aqueous extract of aerial parts | In vivo159,162–164 | ||
| Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) | Antidiabetic | Root extracts | In vivo165–168 | |
| Hypolipidemic | Seed oil | Clinical trial169 | ||
| Root extracts | In vivo170,171 | |||
| Wormwood (Artemisia sieberi Besser) | Antidiabetic | Essential oil from aerial parts | In vivo172–174 | |
| Antihypertension | Essential oil | Hypothesis175 | ||
| Cardiovascular protection | Essential oil from aerial parts | In vivo176 | ||
| Hypolipidemic | Hydroethanolic extract | In vivo177 | ||
| Will fumitory (Fumaria parviflora Lam.) | Hypoglycemic | Extracts of aerial parts | In vivo178,179 | |
| Hypolipidemic | Aerial parts | In vivo180,181 | ||
| Taadol | Celery (Apium graveolens) | Antihypertension | Extracts of aerial parts | Clinical trial182,183 |
| Extracts of aerial parts | In vivo184–187 | |||
| Hypoglycemic | Extracts of aerial parts | In vivo188–190 | ||
| Hypolipidemic | Seed extract | In vivo191–194 | ||
| Essential oil | In vivo187 | |||
| Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) | Antihypertension | Root extracts | Clinical trial195 | |
| Root extracts | In vivo196 | |||
| Extracts of aerial parts | In vivo195–199 | |||
| Hypoglycemic | Extracts of aerial parts | Clinical trial200 | ||
| Extracts of aerial parts | In vivo195,197,199,201–205 | |||
| Seed extracts | In vivo206 | |||
| Hypolipidemic | Extracts of aerial parts | In vivo207–209 | ||
| Antihypertension | Extracts of aerial parts | In vivo210 | ||
| Saatar (Zataria multiflora Boiss.) | Antidiabetic | Essential oil | In vivo208,211,212 | |
| Extracts of aerial parts | In vivo210,213 | |||
| Walnut (Juglans regia L.) | Antihypertension | Leaf extracts | In vivo214 | |
| Antidiabetic | Leaf extracts | Clinical trial214 | ||
| Seed extract | Clinical trial215–218 | |||
| Leaf extracts | In vivo219 | |||
| Septum extract | In vivo219 | |||
| Flower extract | In vivo219 | |||
| Hypolipidemic | Seed extract | Clinical trial214,219–223 | ||
| In vivo224 | ||||