Table 1.

Effect of PO on Serum MDA, GSH, TAS, IL-6, and TNF-α in Control, Untreated Diabetic Rats, and PO-Treated Diabetic Rats During 4 Weeks of Study (n = 8 for Each Group).^a

	C	D	D + PO1	D + PO2	D + PO3
MDA (nmol/mL)	1.66 ± 0.26	4.45 ± 0.40***	4.02 ± 0.34***	3.21 ± 0.35*###	2.47 ± 0.29++#
GSH (nmol/mL)	2.78 ± 0.19	1.06 ± 0.11***	1.56 ± 0.18***	1.97 ± 0.22*++	2.36 ± 0.15+++#
TAS (nmol/mL)	4.55 ± 0.70	1.78 ± 0.35**	2.37 ± 0.38*	3.11 ± 0.52	1.87 ± 0.35+
IL-6 (pg/mL)	2.12 ± 0.13	5.34 ± 0.54***	4.56 ± 0.45***	4.00 ± 0.32*	3.45 ± 0.36+
TNF-α (pg/mL)	9.82 ± 0.60	15.11 ± 1.13**	13.21 ± 0.90	11.54 ± 0.49+	10.26 ± 1.05++

Abbreviations: PO, Portulaca oleracea; MDA, malondialdehyde; GSH, glutathione; TAS, total antioxidant status; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.

^aC denotes controls; D, denotes untreated diabetic rats; D + PO1 denotes PO-treated (100 mg/kg/d) diabetic rats; D + PO2 denotes PO-treated (200 mg/kg/day) diabetic rats; and D + PO3 denotes PO-treated (400 mg/kg/day) diabetic rats. Significantly different from normal control (group C) rats (*P < .05, **P < .01; ***P < .001). Significantly different from streptozotocin-treated (group D) rats (⁺ P < .05, ⁺⁺ P < .05, ⁺⁺⁺ P < .001). Significant difference between D + PO1 group versus D + PO3 group (^# P < .05).