berghei and P. falciparum, respectively. (A) Pir gene expression was highly variable across male gametocytes. In addition, more pir genes were expressed in males than females. These are distinct subfamilies of pir genes from those variably expressed in asexual stages. (B) Read counts for var mRNAs in P. falciparum female gametocyte single cells and female and male gametocyte populations from bulk RNA-seq data. Only reads which spanned the var introns and only genes with at least two such reads were included. There were insufficient male single-cells for analysis. For var genes, we highlight the type (e.g. upsB, upsC or var2csa) and whether we found evidence for expression of the mRNA, rather than reads that might represent ncRNAs known to be expressed from these genes. Epf1 = exported protein family 1, gbp = glycophorin binding protein, emp3 = erythrocyte membrane protein 3.