Table 2.

Etiologic agents, macroscopic and microscopic features and culture media for the colonies

Etiologic agent	Macroscopic characteristics of colonies	Culture medium	Microscopic characteristics of colonies
Nocardia brasiliensis	White, wrinkled on the surface, yellow or orange underneath. Odor of "wet soil".	Chocolate agar Sabouraud agar Czapeck-dox agar	Fine filaments, 1µm, that fragments into bacillary structures
Nocardia asteroides	White, wrinkled on the surface, yellow or orange underneath. Odor of "wet soil".	Chocolate agar Sabouraud agar Czapeck-dox agar	Fine filaments, 1µm, that fragments into bacillary structures
Actinomadura madurae	Glabrous, serous, ridged colony with grey folds and flat border	Vegetable broth Glycerol-gelatin Lowenstein-Jensen	Branched, long and twisted filaments, smaller than 1µm in diameter. Gram +
Acremonium kiliense	Slow growth, short, white-grey to pink aerial mycelium, violet reverse	Sabouraud agar Czapeck-dox agar Potato agar Cornmeal agar	Hyaline hyphae, simple conidiophore and apical conidia clustered into a circle kept together by mucilaginous substances
Scedosporium apiospermum	Fast filamentous growth, cottony dark-grey mycelium	Sabouraud agar Chocolate agar Czapeck-dox agar	Isolated annelloconidia formed at the apex of annellospores. Pyriform aleuriospores distributed in the apices of simple or branched conidiospores. Strands of conidiospores form coremia.
Madurella grisea	Grey to olive-green, circular with irregular edges, ridged surfaces and dark reverse	Sabouraud agar Potato agar	Dematiaceous septate mycelia with rare chlamydiospores; presence of sclerotia (AB)
Madurella mycetomatis	Yellow or brown, ridged surfaces	Sabouraud agar Potato agar Cornmeal agar Czapeck-dox agar	Moniliform, dematiaceous hyphae and chlamydospores, 25µm in diameter; simple and branching conidiophores; multiple chlamydospores