Table 3.
Antimicrobial use stratified by ATC classification and age group in 2013
| ATC 4th level | Age group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–14 years | 15–64 years | 65 years | ||||
| DID in 2013 | Δ | DID in 2013 | Δ | DID in 2013 | Δ | |
| (a) Oral | ||||||
| Teracycline (J01AA) | 0.257 (1.7) | − 0.045 | 0.666 (5.9) | 0.059 | 0.476 (2.8) | 0.061 |
| Amphenicols (J01BA) | 0.000 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.000 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.000 (0.0) | 0.000 |
| Penicillins with extended spectrum (J01CA) | 0.878 (5.9) | − 0.049 | 0.683 (6.0) | 0.192 | 0.872 (5.2) | 0.376 |
| β-Lactamase-sensitive penicillins (J01CE) | 0.087 (0.6) | − 0.012 | 0.013 (0.1) | − 0.001 | 0.009 (0.1) | − 0.002 |
| Combinations of penicillins, including β-lactamase inhibitor (J01CR) | 0.905 (6.1) | 0.098 | 0.117 (1.0) | 0.017 | 0.162 (1.0) | 0.039 |
| First-generation cephalosporin (J01DB) | 0.142 (1.0) | − 0.021 | 0.084 (0.7) | − 0.008 | 0.136 (0.8) | − 0.010 |
| Second-generation cephalosporins (J01DC) | 0.011 (0.1) | 0.000 | 0.063 (0.6) | − 0.006 | 0.062 (0.4) | − 0.007 |
| Third-generation cephalosporins (J01DD) | 5.64 (38.1) | − 0.336 | 2.46 (21.6) | 0.047 | 2.71 (16.1) | − 0.06 |
| Penems (J01DI) | 0.203 (1.4) | 0.019 | 0.089 (0.8) | 0.005 | 0.084 (0.5) | − 0.002 |
| Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, including derivatives (J01EE) | 0.251 (1.7) | 0.012 | 0.565 (5.0) | 0.101 | 2.01 (11.9) | 0.386 |
| Short-acting macrolide (J01FA) | 0.322 (2.2) | − 0.066 | 0.091 (0.8) | − 0.004 | 0.592 (3.5) | − 0.019 |
| Intermediate-acting macrolide (J01FA) | 4.66 (31.4) | − 0.549 | 3.22 (28.3) | 0.084 | 5.57 (33.0) | 0.142 |
| Long-acting macrolide (J01FA) | 0.637 (4.3) | − 0.390 | 0.619 (5.4) | − 0.094 | 0.443 (2.6) | − 0.057 |
| Lincosamides (J 01FF) | 0.003 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.011 (0.1) | 0.001 | 0.012 (0.1) | 0.002 |
| First-generation fluoroquinolones (J01MA) | 0.029 (0.2) | − 0.005 | 0.026 (0.2) | 0.000 | 0.045 (0.3) | − 0.006 |
| Second-generation fluoroquinolones (J01MA) | 0.561 (3.8) | 0.208 | 1.73 (15.2) | 0.052 | 2.75 (16.3) | − 0.095 |
| Third-generation fluoroquinolones (0J1MA) | 0.029 (0.2) | − 0.001 | 0.848 (7.5) | 0.170 | 0.836 (5.0) | 0.134 |
| Polymyxins (J01XB) | 0.007 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.003 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.008 (0.0) | − 0.001 |
| Other antibacterials (J01XX) | 0.205 (1.4) | − 0.011 | 0.083 (0.7) | 0.007 | 0.087 (0.5) | − 0.001 |
| (b) Parenteral | ||||||
| Teracycline (J01AA) | 0.003 (1.2) | − 0.004 | 0.004 (1.1) | − 0.001 | 0.031 (1.4) | − 0.003 |
| Amphenicols (J01BA) | 0.000 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.000 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.000 (0.0) | 0.000 |
| Penicillins with extended spectrum (J01CA) | 0.034 (12.5) | 0.002 | 0.015 (4.3) | 0.002 | 0.057 (2.5) | 0.005 |
| β-Lactamase-sensitive penicillins (J01CE) | 0.000 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.001 (0.4) | 0.000 | 0.005 (0.2) | 0.001 |
| Combinations of penicillins, including β-lactamase inhibitor (J01CR) | 0.047 (17.3) | − 0.004 | 0.058 (16.0) | 0.010 | 0.738 (32.4) | 0.103 |
| First-generation cephalosporins (J01DB) | 0.014 (5.2) | 0.001 | 0.040 (11.2) | 0.004 | 0.154 (6.8) | 0.009 |
| Second-generation cephalosporins (J01DC) | 0.024 (8.7) | − 0.007 | 0.054 (15.1) | − 0.002 | 0.190 (8.4) | − 0.016 |
| Third-generation cephalosporins (J01DD) | 0.055 (20.3) | − 0.001 | 0.063 (17.4) | 0.011 | 0.367 (16.1) | 0.067 |
| Fourth-generation cephalosporins (JO1DE) | 0.007 (2.4) | 0.001 | 0.021 (5.7) | 0.001 | 0.127 (5.6) | 0.004 |
| Monobactams (J01DF) | 0.000 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.000 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.001 (0.1) | 0.000 |
| Carbapenenems (J01DH) | 0.014 (5.1) | 0.000 | 0.032 (9.0) | 0.006 | 0.255 (11.2) | 0.025 |
| Short-acting macrolide (J01FA) | 0.001 (0.2) | 0.000 | 0.000 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.001 (0.1) | − 0.001 |
| Long-acting macrolide (J01FA) | 0.000 (0.1) | 0.000 | 0.001 (0.3) | 0.001 | 0.008 (0.3) | 0.008 |
| Lincosamides (J01FF) | 0.010 (3.8) | − 0.006 | 0.014 (3.8) | 0.001 | 0.050 (2.2) | − 0.004 |
| Streptogramins (J01FG) | 0.000 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.000 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.000 (0.0) | 0.000 |
| Aminoglycosides (J01GB) | 0.052 (19.3) | − 0.004 | 0.029 (8.1) | − 0.003 | 0.102 (4.5) | − 0.017 |
| Second-generation fluoroquinolones (J01MA) | 0.000 (0.1) | 0.000 | 0.008 (2.2) | 0.001 | 0.078 (3.4) | 0.010 |
| Third-generation fluoroquinolones (J1MA) | 0.000 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.002 (0.4) | − 0.001 | 0.020 (0.9) | − 0.007 |
| Glycopeptides (J01XA) | 0.006 (2.1) | 0.001 | 0.009 (2.5) | 0.000 | 0.056 (2.5) | − 0.007 |
| Other antibacterials (J01XX) | 0.004 (1.6) | 0.000 | 0.009 (2.4) | 0.001 | 0.036 (1.6) | 0.006 |
ATC anatomical therapeutic chemical
DID in 2013 data shows defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per days (% among age group)
Delta (Δ) values show the difference between 2013 and 2011 value