Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Total (n=119) | Male (n=71) | Female (n=48) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| Age, years | 10·01 (1·25) | 10·14 (1·20) | 9·81 (1·30) | |
| Clinical observations | ||||
| SpO2,% | 98·97% (1·31) | 98·82% (1·46) | 99·21% (1·03) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 102·82 (7·53) | 103·55 (7·42) | 101·75 (7·64) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 59·27 (7·58) | 58·58 (7·09) | 60·29 (8·21) | |
| Palpable spleen, n (%) | 18 (15%) | 13 (18%) | 5 (10%) | |
| Jaundice, n (%) | ||||
| None | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Mild | 54 (45%) | 31 (44%) | 23 (48%) | |
| Moderate | 52 (44%) | 31 (44%) | 21 (44%) | |
| Severe | 13 (11%) | 9 (13%) | 4 (8%) | |
| Blood markers | ||||
| Haemoglobin, g/dL* | 7·49 (1·09) | 7·29 (1·07) | 7·78 (1·07) | |
| White cell count, × 109 cells per L* | 13·44 (3·43) | 13·59 (3·53) | 13·23 (3·31) | |
| Platelet count, × 109 cells per L* | 449·55 (175·35) | 452·64 (168·85) | 445·10 (186·01) | |
| Median C-reactive protein (IQR), mg/L | 3·30 (1·60–6·60) | 3·60 (1·60–7·00) | 2·70 (1·55–6·30) | |
| Median lactate dehydrogenase (IQR), U/L | 597 (497–677) | 585 (481–685) | 607 (516–659) | |
| Median total bilirubin (IQR), mg/dL | 36·4 (25·6–47·9) | 34·0 (24·8–46·6) | 40·9 (29·7–54·4) | |
| Median non-conjugated bilirubin (IQR), mg/dL | 10·6 (8·3–13·2) | 10·4 (8·0–11·9) | 11·2 (9·0–13·5) | |
| Median creatinine (IQR), μmol/L | 22·0 (18·0–26·5) | 22·8 (18·1–26·9) | 21·4 (18·0–24·9) | |
| Endothelial function | ||||
| Flow-mediated dilatation, % | 7·66% (3·37) | 7·62% (3·54) | 7·72% (3·12) | |
| Resting brachial diameter, mm | 2·61 (0·35) | 2·67 (0·32) | 2·52 (0·38) | |
| Resting blood flow (VTI), m | 0·20 (0·10) | 0·20 (0·10) | 0·20 (0·10) | |
| Absolute reactive hyperaemia, m | 0·69 (0·22) | 0·72 (0·22) | 0·66 (0·21) | |
| Endothelium-independent vasodilatation | ||||
| Response to glyceryl trinitrate, % | 4·15% (1·72) | 4·22% (1·74) | 4·03% (1·69) | |
| Aminoacid concentrations | ||||
| Median arginine (IQR), μmol/L | 54·40 (46·56–65·18) | 55·62 (48·18–66·70) | 51·79 (43·22–60·07) | |
| Median citrulline (IQR), μmol/L | 24·80 (21·28–28·50) | 24·54 (20·58–29·08) | 24·86 (21·62–28·23) | |
| Median ornithine (IQR), μmol/L | 52·80 (43·76–64·56) | 51·78 (43·54–63·40) | 55·55 (46·84–65·72) | |
| Median arginine to ornithine ratio (IQR) | 1·05 (0·88–1·28) | 1·07 (0·94–1·34) | 0·93 (0·74–1·15) | |
| Median global arginine bioavailability ratio (IQR) | 0·70 (0·58–0·84) | 0·73 (0·62–0·88) | 0·64 (0·53–0·76) | |
| Median arginine to asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio (IQR) | 53·27 (43·89–73·78) | 55·37 (46·43–76·19) | 51·15 (35·85–66·26) | |
| Anthropometric measurements | ||||
| Height, cm | 126·5 (7·2) | 126·9 (6·7) | 125·9 (8·0) | |
| Weight, kg | 22·9 (3·6) | 23·2 (3·2) | 22·5 (4·0) | |
| Fat-free body mass, kg | 18·59 (2·77) | 19·22 (2·49) | 17·66 (2·94) | |
| Body fat, % | 18·76% (3·22) | 17·03% (2·67) | 21·30% (2·08) | |
| Weight ≥25 kg, n (%) | 33 (28%) | 23 (32%) | 10 (21%) | |
| Height-for-age Z-score | −2·09 (1·01) | −2·14 (0·84) | −2·01 (1·22) | |
| Weight-for-age Z-score | −2·58 (1·12) | −2·65 (1·03) | −2·48 (1·25) | |
| Body-mass index Z-score | −1·71 (0·88) | −1·65 (0·86) | −1·79 (0·90) | |
Data are mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated. VTI=velocity time intervals. SpO2=peripheral capillary oxygen saturation.
*
Total N is 117 because two full blood count results (from male patients) were lost before data entry.