Table 3.
Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for incident ischaemic heart disease, incident cerebrovascular disease and incident cardiovascular disease, by quintile of DASH accordance score; (EPIC-Norfolk cohort, n = 23,655)
| Quintile of accordance to DASH | Events per 100,000 person-years | Model 1a | Model 2b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incident IHD | |||||
| Q1 | 1262.2 | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) |
| Q2 | 1125.0 | 0.95 | (0.86–1.05) | 0.95 | (0.86–1.05) |
| Q3 | 982.6 | 0.88* | (0.79–0.99) | 0.88* | (0.78–0.99) |
| Q4 | 916.2 | 0.85** | (0.76–0.95) | 0.91 | (0.81–1.01) |
| Q5 | 799.7 | 0.87* | (0.77–0.99) | 0.90 | (0.79–1.02) |
| Incident stroke | |||||
| Q1 | 422.0 | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) |
| Q2 | 376.9 | 0.93 | (0.78–1.10) | 0.95 | (0.80–1.12) |
| Q3 | 323.3 | 0.84 | (0.69–1.02) | 0.85 | (0.69–1.04) |
| Q4 | 320.5 | 0.84 | (0.70–1.01) | 0.87 | (0.73–1.05) |
| Q5 | 261.3 | 0.79* | (0.64–0.97) | 0.80* | (0.65–0.99) |
| Incident CVD | |||||
| Q1 | 1471.7 | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) |
| Q2 | 1304.6 | 0.94 | (0.86–1.03) | 0.95 | (0.87–1.04) |
| Q3 | 1154.2 | 0.88* | (0.79–0.98) | 0.89* | (0.80–0.99) |
| Q4 | 1071.2 | 0.85** | (0.77–0.94) | 0.90* | (0.81–0.99) |
| Q5 | 929.5 | 0.85** | (0.76–0.95) | 0.88* | (0.79–0.99) |
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01;***p < 0.001
aAdjusted for age, sex and dietary energy
bAs Model 1 but further adjusted for smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, BMI, diabetes, SES, marital status, use of antihypertensive medication, use of lipid-lowering medication and history of CVD