Table 1.
Characteristics and Ca, P, iPTH outcomes of included RCTs.
| Author, year | Dialysate Ca (mmol/L) | Number of patients | Baseline characteristics of patients | Period of study | Medications used during study | Serum Ca (mean ± SD) | Serum P (mean ± SD) | Serum iPTH (pg/mL) (mean ± SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kim, 2017 | LCD = 1.25 HCD = 1.50 |
LCD = 30 HCD = 34 |
age > 20 years, Ca ≥ 8.0 mg/dL, iPTH ≤ 300 pg/mL | 12 months | Ca carbonate, sevelamer, hydrochloride calcitriol | LCD = 8.4 ± 0.7 mg/dL, HCD = 8.6 ± 0.6 mg/dL, corrected Ca, p = 0.3812 | LCD = 5.4 ± 1.8 mg/dL, HCD = 4.4 ± 1.6 mg/dL, p = 0.411 | LCD = 151.0 (114.6 to 198.9), HCD = 71.6 (52.2 to 98.1), mean (95% CI), p = 0.0007 |
| He, 2016 | LCD = 1.25 HCD = 1.50 | LCD = 59 HCD = 51 |
age 18 to 70 years | 24 months | Ca salts, active vitamin D3 | LCD = 9.07 ± 0.85 mg/dL, HCD = 9.58 ± 0.90 mg/dL, not corrected Ca, p < 0.05 | LCD = 5.92 ± 1.73 mg/dL, HCD = 6.40 ± 1.67 mg/dL, n.s. | LCD = 250 (182–402), HCD = 192 (110–319), median (IR), n.s. |
| Ok, 2016 | LCD = 1.25 HCD = 1.75 |
LCD = 150 HCD = 132 |
age 18 to 80 years, Ca ≤ 10.2 mg/dL, iPTH ≤ 300 pg/mL | 24 months | Ca–based P-binders, calcitriol or alfacalcidol | values not available, shown as time-averaged data during 24 months | values not available, shown as time-averaged data during 24 months | values not available, shown as time-averaged data during 24 months |
| Lu, 2016 | LCD = 1.25 HCD = 1.50 |
LCD = 35 HCD = 38 |
age 65 to 74 years, Ca > 2.37 mmol/L, iPTH < 100 pg/mL | 12 months | Ca carbonate, calcitriol | LCD = 2.35 ± 0.17 mmol/L, HCD = 2.58 ± 0.20 mmol/L, corrected Ca, p < 0.01 | LCD = 1.68 ± 0.22 mmol/L, HCD = 2.11 ± 0.27 mmol/L, p < 0.01 | LCD = 121.62 ± 33.82, HCD = 68.64 ± 10.23, p < 0.01 |
| Spasovski, 2007 | LCD = 1.25 HCD = 1.75 |
LCD = 26 HCD = 26 | ABD, iPTH < 100 pg/mL | 6 months | Ca carbonate | LCD = 2.50 ± 1.02 mmol/L, HCD = 2.54 ± 0.26 mmol/L, corrected Ca, n.s. | LCD = 1.48 ± 0.46 mmol/L, HCD = 1.58 ± 0.45 mmol/L, n.s. | LCD = 78.6 ± 44.7, HCD = 53.8 ± 29.6, p < 0.05 |
| Holgado, 2000 | LCD = 1.125 or 1.25 HCD = 1.50 or 1.75 |
LCD = 11 HCD = 10 |
diabetes, iPTH < 300 pg/mL | 12 months | Ca carbonate | LCD = 8.99 ± 0.42 mg/dL*, HCD = 9.49 ± 0.15 mg/dL*, not corrected Ca, n.s. | LCD = 5.40 ± 0.34 mg/dL*, HCD = 5.35 ± 0.34 mg/dL*, n.s. | LCD = 252 ± 59*, HCD = 109 ± 28*, p = 0.04 |
| Sánchez, 2000 | LCD = 1.25 HCD = 1.50 | LCD = 11 HCD = 9 |
iPTH < 120 pg/mL | 12 months | Ca carbonate | values not available, n.s. | values not available, n.s. | LCD = 99 ± 69, HCD = 79 ± 5, p value not available |
Abbreviations: ABD = adynamic bone disease; Ca = calcium; CI = confidence interval; HCD = high calcium dialysate; iPTH = intact parathyroid hormone; IR = interquartile ranges; LCD = low calcium dialysate; n.s. = not significant; P = phosphate; RCT = randomized controlled trial; SD = standard deviation; SE = standard error. *Mean ± SE.