Table 4.
Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease based on smoking habit change among patients who were nonsmokers before diabetes diagnosis.
| All Patients | All-cause mortality | Cardiovascular diseases | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | aHRa | 95% CI | P for trend | N | aHRa | 95% CI | P for trend | |
| Never smoker | 5,341 | 46.35 | 235 | 1.00 | — | 0.77 | 303 | 1.00 | — | 0.16 |
| Ex-smoker | 5,274 | 45.77 | 162 | 1.05 | 0.86–1.29 | 216 | 1.06 | 0.88–1.27 | ||
| Starter | 908 | 7.88 | 32 | 1.00 | 0.67–1.49 | 52 | 1.28 | 0.94–1.75 | ||
N, number of patients; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
aMultivariate-adjusted model was adjusted for age, income status, Charlson comorbidity index score, alcohol consumption, physical activity, smoking status, BMI, blood pressure, and fasting serum glucose and cholesterol levels.