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. 2018 Mar 21;9:260. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00260

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Copyright © 2018 Fung, Koussoulas, Unterweger, Allen, Bornstein and Foong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Nuclear pCREB expression increased in the submucosal plexus following CT-incubation. Confocal images of submucosal ganglia from a control (A,A′) and a CT-treated ileal loop (B,B′), labeled for pCREB (red) and the neuronal marker Hu (blue). Scale bar = 20 μm. Neuronal (Hu⁺, arrows) and possibly glial (Hu⁻, empty arrowheads) pCREB⁺ nuclei were observed within the ganglia of CT-incubated preparations. (C) A significantly higher proportion of submucosal neurons (Hu⁺) displayed nuclear pCREB staining after CT-treatment compared to controls (^**P < 0.01).