Fig. 1.

Crop production variability. a Total crop production and b coefficient of variation (CV) of crop productivity during years 1961–2010. Note that the calculation of crop production is based on the physical cropland extent⁵⁷ and crop shares⁵⁸ for each grid cell, i.e., not the harvested areas and multiple-cropping, thus leading to smaller total production compared to FAOSTAT data. The areas where Pearson’s correlation between reported and simulated crop productivity is not significant (p > 0.1) are striped