Table 1.

Globally aggregated impacts of ENSO, IOD and NAO

Oscillation	Population (109)	Cropland (106 km2)	Crop production (1015 kcal year−1)
ENSO	1.5 (28%)	4.1 (28%)	2.2 (28%)
IOD	0.6 (11%)	2.0 (14%)	0.7 (9%)
NAO	2.2 (41%)	5.6 (38%)	3.3 (41%)
Any	3.7 (68%)	9.8 (67%)	5.2 (65%)

Population, cropland, and average total crop production (and percentage) in the areas where one or more oscillations produce significant changes in crop productivity during their negative and positive phases, when assessed at the sub-national (i.e., FPU) scale. Only the areas where Pearson’s correlation between reported and simulated crop productivity is significant (p < 0.1) are included. Unmasked results are provided in Supplementary Table 4