Table 2. Illness and substance use, study of the effect of depression on tuberculosis treatment outcomes, Ethiopia, 2014–2016.
| Variable | No. of participants (%) n = 648 |
|---|---|
| Probable depressiona at baseline | 349 (53.9) |
| Suicidal ideation | |
| No | 535 (82.6) |
| Yes | 113 (17.4) |
| Duration of tuberculosis symptoms before diagnosis, weeks | |
| < 2 | 40 (6.2) |
| 2–12 | 338 (52.2) |
| 13–52 | 209 (32.3) |
| > 52 | 61 (9.4) |
| Type of tuberculosis | |
| Pulmonary | 371 (57.3) |
| Extrapulmonary | 277 (42.8) |
| HIV status | |
| Negative | 495 (76.4) |
| Positive | 74 (11.4) |
| Unknown | 79 (12.2) |
| Hypertension | 1 (0.2) |
| Heart disease | 3 (0.5) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (0.8) |
| Previous depression | 0 (0.0) |
| Alcohol useb | |
| Low | 562 (86.7) |
| Moderate | 74 (11.4) |
| High | 12 (1.9) |
| Tobacco useb | |
| Low | 615 (94.9) |
| Moderate | 29 (4.5) |
| High | 4 (0.6) |
| Khat useb | |
| Low | 544 (84.0) |
| Moderate | 93 (14.3) |
| High | 11 (1.7) |
| Perceived tuberculosis severityc | |
| Mild | 62 (10.5) |
| Moderate | 85 (14.4) |
| Severe | 445 (75.2) |
| Perceived benefit of tuberculosis treatmentc | |
| Not helpful | 2 (0.3) |
| Somewhat helpful | 23 (3.9) |
| Very helpful | 567 (95.8) |
| Perceived barriers to tuberculosis treatmentc | |
| No | 458 (77.4) |
| Yes | 134 (22.6) |
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus.
a Probable depression was defined as a score ≥ 10 on the nine-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire.27
b The use of substances, such as alcohol, tobacco and khat, was assessed at baseline using the World Health Organization’s Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test, version 3.1.31
c Participants’ perceptions of tuberculosis severity, the benefit of tuberculosis treatment and barriers to tuberculosis treatment were assessed at 2 months in 592 participants.