Table 1. Characteristics of mother–infant pairs visiting clinics for children younger than five years, Malawi, October 2014–May 2016.
| Characteristic | Unweighted no. | Weighted percentagea (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Location | ||
| Recordedb | 33 744 | N/A |
| Rural facility in Central or North regions | 8 991 | 23.2 (15.0–34.2) |
| Urban facility in Central or North regions | 13 748 | 20.5 (12.1–32.4) |
| Rural facility in South region | 6 106 | 50.9 (37.6–64.1) |
| Urban facility in South region | 4 899 | 5.4 (3.6–8.1) |
| Mother’s age in years | ||
| Recordedb | 33 744 | N/A |
| ≤ 19 | 6 427 | 20.5 (19.1–22.1) |
| 20–24 | 11 504 | 33.3 (32.5–34.1) |
| 25–29 | 7 423 | 19.7 (15.8–21.1) |
| ≥ 30 | 8 315 | 26.3 (25.2–27.4) |
| Unknownc | 75 | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) |
| Age of last born child in weeks | ||
| Recordedb | 33 744 | N/A |
| 4–12 | 22 170 | 63.1 (60.2–35.9) |
| 13–26 | 11 574 | 36.9 (34.1–39.8) |
| Type of last birth | ||
| Recordedb | 33 744 | |
| Singleton | 33 579 | 99.1 (98.7–99.4) |
| Multiple | 165 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) |
| Parity | ||
| Recordedb | 33 744 | N/A |
| 1 | 10 943 | 30.5 (29.0–32.0) |
| 2–3 | 14 179 | 39.6 (38.6–40.7) |
| 4–6 | 7 810 | 27.1 (25.5–28.7) |
| 7–9 | 717 | 2.7 (2.1–3.4) |
| ≥ 10 | 31 | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) |
| Unknownc | 64 | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) |
| ANC attendance | ||
| Recordedb | 33 744 | N/A |
| Did attend ANC during last pregnancy | 33 681 | 99.8 (99.7–99.9) |
| Missed ANC uptake | 63 | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) |
| Site of ANC uptake | ||
| Recordedb | 33 744 | N/A |
| Same site as enrolment site | 26 225 | 76.3 (70.8–81.0) |
| Other site | 7 449 | 23.5 (18.7–29.0) |
| Unknownc | 70 | 0.2 (1.2–0.3) |
| HIV status ascertained at ANC | ||
| Recordedb | 33 744 | N/A |
| Found HIV-negative during index pregnancy | 30 043 | 88.5 (86.8–90.0) |
| Known to be HIV-positive before index pregnancy | 1 637 | 6.4 (5.6–7.3) |
| Found HIV-positive during index pregnancy | 1 596 | 5.1 (4.3–6.2) |
| Missed having HIV status ascertained at ANC or unwilling to reveal result | 468 | 2.2 (1.1–4.4) |
| Maternal HIV status 4–26 weeks postpartum | ||
| Recordedb | 33 744 | N/A |
| Confirmed HIV-uninfected | 30 057 | 87.5 (85.5–89.0) |
| Confirmed HIV-infected | 3 233 | 11.3 (9.8–12.9) |
| Newly identified HIV-infected | 286 | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) |
| Had inconclusive results | 168 | 0.4 (0.5–0.5) |
| ART status and timing of ART initiation among confirmed HIV-infected | ||
| Recordedb | 3 233 | N/A |
| On ART since before index pregnancy | 1 572 | 54.0 (49.9–57.9) |
| On ART, having started during index pregnancy | 1 475 | 40.7 (35.6–46.0) |
| On ART, having started postpartum | 49 | 1.6 (0.9–2.9) |
| Off ART, having started and stopped | 34 | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) |
| Off ART and never started | 50 | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) |
| Unknownc | 53 | 1.9 (0.7–4.9) |
| Infant nevirapine prophylaxis given to known HIV-exposed infants | ||
| Recordedb | 3 233 | N/A |
| From birth to an age of 6 weeks | 2 676 | 75.9 (66.3–83.5) |
| For less than 6 weeks | 323 | 16.4 (9.5–26.9) |
| Missed indicated nevirapine prophylaxis uptake or unwilling to reveal | 234 | 7.7 (6.1–9.6) |
| Uptake of early infant diagnosis among HIV-exposed infants over 8 weeks of age | ||
| Recordedb | 1 465 | N/A |
| Tested at an age of at least 6 weeks | 790 | 53.2 (46.3–60.0) |
| Not tested | 675 | 46.8 (40.0–53.7) |
| HIV status of HIV-exposed infants aged 4–26 weeks | ||
| Recordedb | 3 519 | N/A |
| HIV-uninfected | 3 345 | 95.3 (93.6–96.6) |
| HIV-infected | 174 | 4.7 (3.4–6.3) |
ANC: antenatal clinic; ART: antiretroviral therapy; CI: confidence interval; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; N/A: not applicable.
a Weighted according to sampling interval and the probabilities of districts, clusters and subjects being selected.
b Number used as unweighted denominator.
c Unknown because the relevant question was not answered, the recorded answer could not be read or multiple answers were recorded when only one was allowed.