Table 4. Factors associated with missed infant virological testing among infants over 8 weeks of age who had been born to mothers known to be HIV infected, Malawi, October 2014–May 2016.
| Characteristic | Unweighted denominator | Missed infant testinga |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Unweighted, no. (%) | Weighted aORb (95% CI) | ||
| Location (n = 1 465) | |||
| Rural facility in Central or North regions | 344 | 166 (48.3) | 1.3 (0.5–3.3) |
| Urban facility in Central or North regions | 402 | 146 (36.3) | 0.8 (0.5–1.5) |
| Rural facility in South region | 444 | 251 (56.5) | 1.6 (0.9–3.0) |
| Urban facility in South region | 275 | 112 (40.7) | Reference |
| Mother’s age in years (n = 1 462) | |||
| ≤ 19 | 87 | 48 (55.2) | 6.9 (1.2–38.9) |
| 20–24 | 272 | 130 (47.8) | 2.7 (1.3–5.6) |
| 25–29 | 366 | 174 (47.5) | 1.8 (1.1–3.0) |
| ≥ 30 | 737 | 322 (43.7) | Reference |
| Parity (n = 1 464) | |||
| 1 | 179 | 82 (45.8) | Reference |
| 2–3 | 586 | 253 (43.2) | 1.4 (0.6–3.3) |
| ≥ 4 | 699 | 340 (48.6) | 3.3 (1.1–10.1) |
| ANC uptake (n = 1 465) | NIIM | ||
| Yes | 1460 | 674 (46.2) | |
| No | 5 | 1 (20.0) | |
| ANC location (n = 1 459) | |||
| At study site | 1109 | 505 (45.5) | Reference |
| At different site | 350 | 168 (48.0) | 0.9 (0.6–5.6) |
| HIV status ascertained at ANC (n = 1 465) | |||
| Known HIV-positive before index pregnancy | 724 | 312 (43.1) | Reference |
| Found HIV-positive during index pregnancy | 741 | 363 (49.0) | 1.8 (0.6–1.4) |
| ART status and timing of ART initiation among confirmed HIV-infected mothers (n = 1 435) | |||
| On ART since before index pregnancy | 692 | 297 (42.9) | Reference |
| On ART, having started during index pregnancy | 672 | 303 (45.1) | 0.7 (0.2–2.1) |
| On ART, having started postpartum | 23 | 8 (34.8) | 0.2 (0.1–0.8) |
| Off ART, having started and stopped | 21 | 18 (85.7) | 7.7 (2.2–27.0) |
| Off ART and never started | 27 | 23 (85.2) | 13.7 (4.2–83.3) |
| Infant nevirapine prophylaxis given to known HIV-exposed infants (n = 1 465) | |||
| From birth to an age of 6 weeks | 1241 | 522 (42.1) | Reference |
| For less than 6 weeks | 95 | 49 (51.6) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) |
| Not given or unknown | 129 | 104 (80.6) | 2.0 (1.2–3.4) |
ANC: antenatal clinic; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; ART: antiretroviral therapy; CI: confidence interval; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; NIIM: not included in model.
a As reported by mothers at least 8 weeks postpartum.
b Weighted according to sampling interval and the probabilities of districts, clusters and subjects being selected and adjusted for all other variables in the model.