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. 2018 Feb;14(1):53–59. doi: 10.2174/1573403X14666180111145207

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© 2018 Bentham Science Publishers

This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

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Fig. (1) — The formation of peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide. Schematic representation for the formation of peroxynitrite anion (ONOO ^-) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Superoxide (O₂^-) will be either converted to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) or react with nitric oxide (NO) in order to form the highly reactive intermediate peroxynitrite anion (ONOO^-). Peroxynitrite can cause an oxidative damage for molecules in the cells, including DNA and proteins. Abbreviations: O2^-: superoxide; NO: nitric oxide; H₂O₂: hydrogen peroxide; ONOO^-: peroxynitrite anion; OH: hydroxyl radical; NOS II/NOS III: nitric oxide synthase.