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Validation of differentially expressed mRNAs. qRT-PCR was performed on the same RNA samples (17 smokers and 14 COPD patients) by individual mRNA for CXCL16, HMOX1, SLA2, and SIGLEC14. Data are presented as 2−ΔΔCt relative to β-actin. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 compared with smokers.
