Figure 2.

The inhibitory effect of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EU) on advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation and AGEs-induced cross-link to collagen. (a) The effects of EU on in vitro AGEs formation was examined using an AGEs formation assay. Bovine serum albumin (BSA, 5 mg/mL) was incubated with 25 mM of glucose and fructose in the presence or absence of EU in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 14 days; (b) AGEs cross-linking inhibition by EU was evaluated by determining the optical density of AGEs-collagen cross-linking using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as the substrate. The results of each experiment are presented as the mean ± SD (%) of three independent experiments for three repeat experiment on each sample (* p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001 vs. AGEs).