| ABS | Australian Bureau of Statistics |
| ACAES | Australian Child and Adolescent Eating Survey |
| APD | accredited practicing dietitian |
| AUSNUT | Australian Nutrition Tables |
| Avy | agouti viable yellow |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CCCEH | Columbia Centre for Children’s Environmental Health |
| CNF | Canadian Nutrient File |
| CpG | cytosine phosphate guanine |
| 24hr-DR | 24 hour dietary recalls |
| DNMT | de novo methylase |
| EER | estimated energy intake |
| EI | energy intake |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| FFQ | food frequency questionnaire |
| FSANZ | Food standards Australia and New Zealand |
| IGF2 | insulin-like growth factor 2 |
| JHH | John Hunter Hospital |
| LINE-1 | long interspersed nuclear elements-1 |
| 5-mC | 5-methylcytosine |
| MTHFR | methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase |
| NSW | New South Wales |
| NUTTAB | Nutrition tables |
| OD | optical density |
| SAM | S-adenosyl-methionine |
| SAS | Statistical Analysis System |
| SEIFA | socio-economic Indexes for Areas |
| tDMRs | tissue-specific differentially methylated regions |
| USDA | United States Department of Agriculture |
| WATCH | Women and their Children’s Health |
| 4d-WFR | 4 day weighed food records |
| WHO | World Health Organization |