Table 3.

Associations between maternal postnatal dietary patterns and mental health outcomes at three months postpartum (n = 490) 1.

Dietary Patterns	EPDS Scores		Probable PPD (EPDS ≥ 13) (n = 48) 2		STAI-State Subscale Scores
	β (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p	β (95% CI)	p
Traditional Chinese Confinement diet	0.38 (−0.11 to 0.87)	0.13	1.3 (0.85 to 2.00)	0.22	−0.34 (−1.40 to 0.73)	0.54
Traditional Indian Confinement diet	−0.62 (−1.16 to −0.09)	0.02	0.56 (0.31 to 1.01)	0.05	−0.51 (−1.66 to 0.64)	0.39
Eat Out diet	−0.04 (−0.44 to 0.36)	0.84	0.87 (0.59 to 1.29)	0.49	0.06 (−0.80 to 0.93)	0.89
Soup, Vegetables and Fruits diet	−0.48 (−0.97 to 0.02)	0.06	0.92 (0.58 to 1.45)	0.73	−1.49 (−2.56 to −0.42)	0.006

¹ Values are linear regression coefficients (95% CI) for EPDS and STAI-state scores or logistic regression coefficients (95% CI) for probable PPD per 1 SD increment of maternal dietary pattern scores. Models are adjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, parity, education level, history of miscarriage, probable depression of mothers at 26 weeks gestation (for EPDS scores and probable PPD models), STAI-state score at 26 weeks gestation (for STAI-state subscale scores model) and mode of infant feeding during 1st month postpartum. EPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. ² Probable PPD defined as EPDS scores measured at three months postpartum ≥ 13.