Table 2.
Characteristics of toddlers who provided plasma zinc data at 12 months of age (n = 115).
| Median (25th, 75th) 1 | |
|---|---|
| Biochemical Variables | |
| Unadjusted plasma zinc, μmol/L (mean (SD)) | 9.7 (1.5) |
| Adjusted plasma zinc, μmol/L (mean (SD)) 2 | 9.7 (1.5) |
| Hemoglobin, g/L (mean (SD)) 3 | 117 (8.7) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 0.1 (0.0, 0.5) |
| α1-acid glycoprotein, g/L | 0.61 (0.47, 0.87) |
| Dietary variables 4 | |
| Energy, kJ/day | 3543 (3090, 4168) |
| Zinc, mg/day | 4.4 (3.7, 5.4) |
| Phytate, mg/day | 230 (150, 318) |
| Phytate:zinc molar ratio 5 | 5.0 (3.4, 7.1) |
| “Meat, fish, poultry”, g/day | 18.9 (9.5, 30.5) |
| Red meat, g/day | 4.4 (0, 11.5) |
| Cow’s milk, g/day | 21.6 (5.9, 132) |
| Dairy, g/day 6 | 39.9 (9.5, 73.9) |
| Breast milk (n (%)) | |
| No | 47 (45) |
| Yes | 57 (55) |
| Infant formula (n (%)) | |
| No | 59 (57) |
| Yes | 45 (43) |
| Other variables | |
| Weight, kg (mean (SD)) 7 | 9.8 (1.1) |
| Length, cm (mean (SD)) 7 | 75.8 (2.6) |
| Weight-for-age z-score (mean (SD)) 7,8 | 0.37 (0.96) |
| Length-for-age z-score (mean (SD)) 7,9 | 0.26 (0.93) |
| Food fussiness score (mean (SD)) 7,10 | 2.1 (0.6) |
| Age complementary foods introduced, weeks (mean (SD)) | 23.5 (3.6) |
| Topical zinc preparation use in the past month (n (%)) | |
| No | 56 (49) |
| Yes | 59 (51) |
1 Data presented as median (25th, 75th), unless otherwise specified. 2 Adjusted plasma zinc = exp[unadjusted lnplasmazinc − (regression coefficient for lnCRP) * (lnCRPdiff) − (regression coefficient for lnAGP) * (lnAGPdiff)] from Larson et al. [38]. 3,4 Available data for 3 n = 114, 4 n = 104. 5 Calculated as [phytate (mg)/660]/[zinc (mg)/65.4]. 6 Excludes cow’s milk. 7 Available data for n = 114. 8 Weight-for-age z-score calculated using the World Health Organization child growth standards reference data [34]. 9 Length-for-age z-score calculated using the World Health Organization child growth standards reference data [34]. 10 Food fussiness was determined using the six questions on food fussiness from the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire [32]. Lowest score: 1.0, highest score: 5.0.