Figure 1.

Palmitate (PAL) and Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) elicit lipotoxic and cytotoxic deleterious effects on satellite cells during various stages of myogenesis. N-3 PUFAs inhibit the negative effects of PAL and TNF-α by activating anti-inflammatory pathways within the cell thereby promoting differentiation. In isolation, it is currently unknown whether n-3 PUFAs are capable of modulating the expressions of key myogenic transcriptional regulatory factors (MRFs) Pax7, MyoD, and Myogenin that regulate myogenesis. Solid line: represents established role/pathway that n-3 PUFAs modulate during myogenic differentiation. Dotted line: limited or evidence no supporting the role of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) during myogenesis. Solid line: substantial evidence for n-3 PUFAs effecting myogenesis via various pathways.