Table 3.
Maternal predictors of guideline adherence trajectory group (n = 1232).
| Total Sample (
n = 1232) % (n) |
A. Low Consumption Group
(n = 266) % (n) |
B. Within Guideline Group
(n = 866) % (n) |
C. Decreasing Heavy Use Group
(n = 100) % (n) |
B vs. A (ref)
RRR (95% CI) |
C vs. A (ref)
RRR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-Demographics | ||||||
| Age (at birth; M, IQR) | 33 (29–36) | 32.5 (29–36) | 33 (29–36) | 33 (30–36) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04), p = 0.419 | 1.03 (0.99–1.08), p = 0.161 |
| SES (T3) | ||||||
| Low/Moderate | 36 (444) | 39 (103) | 36 (309) | 32 (32) | - | - |
| High | 64 (788) | 61 (163) | 64 (557) | 68 (68) | 1.14 (0.86–1.51), p = 0.368 | 1.34 (0.83–2.19), p = 0.236 |
| Country of birth (T3) | ||||||
| Australia | 56 (690) | 51 (136) | 57 (494) | 60 (60) | - | - |
| Other English-speaking | 19 (235) | 17 (46) | 19 (164) | 25 (25) | 0.98 (0.67–1.43), p = 0.923 | 1.23 (0.69–2.19), p = 0.476 |
| NESB | 25 (306) | 32 (84) | 24 (207) | 15 (15) | 0.68 (0.49–0.93), p = 0.016 | 0.41 (0.22–0.76), p = 0.005 |
| Employment (T3) | ||||||
| Not in paid employment | 32 (398) | 32 (84) | 32 (274) | 40 (40) | - | - |
| Paid employment (including self-employ) | 68 (833) | 68 (182) | 68 (591) | 60 (60) | 1.00 (0.74–1.34), p = 0.976 | 0.69 (0.43–1.12), p = 0.130 |
| University Qualification (T3) | ||||||
| No | 34 (421) | 30 (79) | 35 (302) | 40 (40) | - | - |
| Yes | 66 (810) | 70 (187) | 65 (563) | 60 (60) | 0.79 (0.59–1.06), p = 0.116 | 0.63 (0.39–1.02), p = 0.062 |
| Living with partner (T3) | ||||||
| No | 7 (90) | 6 (15) | 8 (65) | 10 (10) | - | - |
| Yes | 93 (1142) | 94 (251) | 93 (801) | 90 (90) | 0.74 (0.41–1.31), p = 0.300 | 0.54 (0.23–1.24), p = 0.146 |
| Pregnancy Characteristics | ||||||
| Parity (T3) | ||||||
| 0 | 57 (703) | 67 (178) | 55 (479) | 46 (46) | - | - |
| ≥1 previous children carried full-term | 43 (527) | 33 (88) | 45 (385) | 54 (54) | 1.63 (1.22–2.17), p = 0.001 | 2.38 (1.49–3.80), p < 0.001 |
| Pregnancy planned (T3) | ||||||
| No | 22 (273) | 17 (44) | 23 (199) | 30 (30) | - | - |
| Yes | 78 (958) | 84 (222) | 77 (666) | 70 (70) | 0.66 (0.46–0.95), p = 0.025 | 0.46 (0.27–0.79), p = 0.005 |
| Fertility Problems (T3) | ||||||
| No | 92 (1103) | 88 (227) | 93 (783) | 95 (93) | - | - |
| Yes | 8 (94) | 12 (30) | 7 (59) | 5 (5) | 0.57 (0.36–0.91), p = 0.018 | 0.41 (0.15–1.08), p = 0.071 |
| Substance Use | ||||||
| Tobacco use during pregnancy (T1–T3) | ||||||
| No | 84 (1028) | 94 (251) | 82 (709) | 68 (68) | - | - |
| Yes | 17 (203) | 6 (15) | 18 (156) | 32 (32) | 3.68 (2.13–6.38), p < 0.001 | 7.88 (4.03–15.38), p < 0.001 |
| Alcohol use during pregnancy (T1–T3) | ||||||
| No | 32 (391) | 49 (131) | 29 (247) | 13 (13) | - | - |
| Yes | 68 (841) | 51 (135) | 72 (619) | 87 (87) | 2.43 (1.83–3.22), p < 0.001 | 6.49 (3.46–12.20), p < 0.001 |
| Illicit drug use during pregnancy (T1–T3) | ||||||
| No | 94 (1151) | 96 (254) | 94 (808) | 89 (89) | - | - |
| Yes | 6 (77) | 4 (11) | 6 (55) | 11 (11) | 1.57 (0.81–3.05), p = 0.181 | 2.85 (1.20–6.81), p = 0.018 |
| Health | ||||||
| Pre-pregnancy body mass index (T1; M, IQR) | 22.7 (20.5–26.0) | 22.5 (20.2–25.9) | 22.7 (20.5–26.0) | 23.6 (21.7–28.0) | 1.01 (0.98–1.03), p = 0.598 | 1.06 (1.02–1.10), p = 0.004 |
| Anxiety elevated (T1) | ||||||
| No | 89 (1091) | 88 (233) | 89 (767) | 91 (91) | - | - |
| Yes | 11 (138) | 12 (33) | 11 (96) | 9 (9) | 0.88 (0.58–1.35), p = 0.884 | 0.70 (0.32–1.52), p = 0.698 |
| Stress elevated (T1) | ||||||
| No | 90 (1104) | 92 (245) | 90 (772) | 87 (87) | - | - |
| Yes | 10 (124) | 8 (21) | 10 (90) | 13 (13) | 1.36 (0.83–2.23), p = 0.224 | 1.74 (0.84–3.63), p = 0.138 |
| Depression elevated (T1) | ||||||
| No | 81 (992) | 82 (218) | 81 (695) | 79 (79) | - | - |
| Yes | 19 (234) | 18 (47) | 19 (166) | 21 (21) | 1.11 (0.78–1.58), p = 0.575 | 1.23 (0.69–2.19), p = 0.476 |
Note: For body mass index, 39 participants did not self-report height and weight. T1: item assessed during interview in T1; T2: item assessed during interviewing T2; T3: item assessed in T3/reflecting entire pregnancy experience. SES: socio-economic status; NESB: non-English speaking background; M: median; IQR: inter-quartile range; T1: trimester 1; T2: trimester 2; T3: trimester 3; RRR: relative risk ratio