Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics and daily dietary vitamin C intake in adults.
| Parameters | N (%) | Vitamin C Intake (mg/Day) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Median (Interquartile Range) | |||
| Total subjects | 11,357 (100) | 78.1 ± 54.6 | 65.4 (61.4) | |
| Age group (years) | 0.069 | |||
| 18–49 | 6290 (55.4) | 76.9 ± 53.1 | 64.7 (60.6) | |
| 50–65 | 5067 (44.6) | 79.5 ± 56.4 | 66.3 (62.2) | |
| Gender | 0.001 | |||
| male | 4944 (43.5) | 79.4 ± 53.7 | 67.6 (64.1) | |
| female | 6413 (56.5) | 77.1 ± 55.3 | 63.9 (59.3) | |
| Education level | 0.003 | |||
| primary school and below a | 3070 (27.0) | 75.5 ± 52.6 | 63.9 (58.1) | |
| middle school b,c | 3998 (35.2) | 80.4 ± 56.2 | 67.1 (66.1) | |
| high school and above a,c | 4289 (37.8) | 77.8 ± 54.8 | 65.3 (59.9) | |
| Annual household income level (thousand yuan/per capital) 1 | 0.463 | |||
| low | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 77.6 ± 54.8 | 64.7 (63.4) | |
| moderate | 6.1 ± 2.4 | 78.4 ± 54.0 | 66.1 (60.7) | |
| high | 27.6 ± 19.1 | 78.3 ± 55.1 | 65.3 (59.8) | |
| Residence area | <0.001 | |||
| city a | 2276 (20.0) | 81.2 ± 61.7 | 65.8 (65.4) | |
| suburban b | 1865 (16.4) | 87.9 ± 57.5 | 75.2 (69.8) | |
| town or county capital city c | 1979 (17.4) | 72.7 ± 49.3 | 60.5 (57.7) | |
| rural village a,c | 5237 (46.1) | 75.3 ± 51.6 | 64.2 (57.6) | |
| Geographic location | <0.001 | |||
| north | 4283 (37.7) | 73.8 ± 51.7 | 62.2 (56.7) | |
| south | 7074 (62.3) | 80.7 ± 56.2 | 67.5 (64.6) | |
| Smoking status | 0.015 | |||
| never smoker | 8482 (74.7) | 77.6 ± 55.1 | 64.6 (60.0) | |
| former smoker | 225 (2.0) | 81.9 ± 53.4 | 68.7 (62.1) | |
| current smoker | 2650 (23.3) | 79.5 ± 53.1 | 68.1 (66.2) | |
| Alcohol intake | <0.001 | |||
| no | 8130 (71.6) | 77.3 ± 55.2 | 64.2 (60.3) | |
| yes | 3227 (28.4) | 80.1 ± 53.1 | 68.8 (64.5) | |
| Fruit consumption (times/day) 1 | 0.073 | |||
| low | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 78.3 ± 52.7 | 66.0 (61.9) | |
| moderate | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 76.9 ± 54.7 | 64.5 (60.4) | |
| high | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 79.1 ± 56.4 | 66.2 (61.6) | |
| Vegetable consumption (times/day) 1 | <0.001 | |||
| low a | 1.2 ± 04 | 71.4 ± 50.2 | 60.5 (55.9) | |
| moderate b | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 77.9 ± 53.6 | 65.4 (59.7) | |
| high c | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 85.0 ± 58.8 | 71.6 (68.6) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.084 | |||
| <18.5 | 469 (4.1) | 76.2 ± 52.8 | 65.9 (58.2) | |
| 18.5–24 | 5388 (47.4) | 76.8 ± 52.7 | 64.6 (61.6) | |
| 24–28 | 3938 (34.7) | 79.1 ± 57.0 | 65.3 (62.1) | |
| ≥28 | 1562 (13.8) | 80.8 ± 55.3 | 68.3 (59.5) | |
1 Data are expressed as mean ± SD (standard deviation); Wilcoxon rank-sum test or Kruskal-Wallis analysis was performed to test the difference of the distribution of dietary vitamin C by sociodemographic factors; subgroups with different superscript letters were significantly different by multiple comparison of SNK (Student-Newman-Keuls method).