Table 2.
Concentration of water-soluble forms of choline in milk samples of lactating women in Canada and Cambodia 1.
| Forms of Choline Concentration (µmol/L) | All Women (n = 368) |
Canada (n = 301) |
Cambodia (n = 67) |
p Value 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free choline | 151 (141, 160) | 155 (144, 165) | 143 (132, 154) | 0.071 |
| Phosphocholine | 540 (519, 562) | 535 (512, 559) | 562 (513, 612) | 0.336 |
| Glycerophosphocholine | 411 (396, 427) | 416 (399, 434) | 390 (356, 423) | 0.178 |
| Water-soluble choline 3 | 1102 (1072, 1133) | 1106 (1071, 1140) | 1095 (1018, 1150) | 0.686 |
1 Data are presented as mean (95% CI), and concentrations were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; 2 Group differences were analyzed by independent samples Student t-test after log-transformation; 3 Water-soluble choline corresponds to the sum of free choline, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine.