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. 2018 Feb 27;11(3):345. doi: 10.3390/ma11030345

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Collector, emitter and (b) base currents versus $V_{C E}$ . The current dips at $I_{B}$ corresponds to a leveling of the collector and base Fermi levels ( $V_{B C}$ = 0 V).