Table 1.
Characteristics for studies including healthy individuals.
| Reference | Total N Males/females | Age Mean (SD) | Participant characteristics | Intervention type | Intervention length | Significance Control vs. exercise |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arikawa et al. 201147 | 319 0/319 |
25.2 (3.5) | Pre-menopausal, sedentary females | Aerobic | 16-weeks | p = 0.04 |
| Arsenault et al. 200948 | 267 0/267 |
57.3 (6.6) | Post-menopausal, overweight, sedentary females | Aerobic | 6-months | NS |
| Bijeh et al. 201249 | 19 0/19 |
42.3 (3.3) | Sedentary females | Aerobic | 6-months | NS |
| Camhi et al. 201050 | 278 149/125 |
52.9 (6.6) | Dyslipidemic, sedentary males and post-menopausal females | Aerobic | 12-months | p = 0.02 in women with metabolic syndrome; NS for men and women w/out metabolic syndrome |
| Campbell et al. (a) 200851 | 202 102/100 |
55.2 (6.7) | Sedentary males and females | Aerobic | 12-months | NS |
| Campbell et al. (b) 200952 | 115 0/115 |
60.7 (6.9) | Post-menopausal, sedentary females | Aerobic | 3- and 12-months | p = 0.01 |
| Church et al. 201053 | 137 19/118 |
49.7 (10.9) | Sedentary males and females with hsCRP >2 mg/dL and <10 mg/dL | Aerobic | 4-months | NS |
| Donges et al. 201054 | 102 45/57 |
NR | Sedentary males and females | Aerobic or resistance | 10-weeks | p ≤ 0.05 |
| Fontana et al. 200755 | 46 17/29 |
56.7 (2.9) | Sedentary males and females who received healthy living literature | NR | 12-months | p = 0.02 for diet + exercise intervention; NS for exercise only intervention |
| Friedenreich et al. 201156 | 320 0/320 |
60.9 (5.6) | Post-menopausal, sedentary females | Aerobic | 6- and 12-months | p = 0.005 |
| Gray et al. 200957 | 48 11/37 |
49.7 (8.8) | Sedentary males and females | Aerobic | 12-weeks | NS |
| Hammett et al. 200458 | 61 27/34 |
67.0 (5.0) | Sedentary males and post-menopausal females | Aerobic | 6-months | NS |
| Hewitt et al. 200859 | 20 NR |
41.4 (8.0) | Sedentary males and females | Aerobic | 12-weeks | NS |
| Huffman et al. 200660 | 193 104/89 |
52.8 (6.4) | Overweight, sedentary males and post-menopausal females | Aerobic | 6-months | NS |
| Imayama et al. 201261 | 320 0/320 |
57.9 (4.6) | Sedentary females | Aerobic | 12-months | p ≤ 0.001 |
| Jae et al. 200662 | 47 35/12 |
49.7 (6.9) | Sedentary males and females who received diet literature at first visit | Aerobic | 3-months | p < 0.05 |
| Johanssen et al. 201263 | 339 0/339 |
57.3 (6.4) | Hypertensive, post-menopausal, overweight, sedentary females | Aerobic | 6-months | NS |
| Lee et al. 201264 | 22 NR |
40.5 (4.6) | Pre-menopausal, overweight, sedentary females | Aerobic | 14-weeks | NS |
| Libardi et al. 201142 | 36 36/0 |
48.7 (5.3) | Sedentary males | Aerobic and resistance or resistance only | 16-weeks | NS |
| Marcell et al. 200565 | 51 20/31 |
45.3 (8.3) | Sedentary males and females | Aerobic | 16-weeks | NS |
| Martins et al. 201066 | 63 25/38 |
76.0 (8.0) | Sedentary males and females | Aerobic or resistance | 16-weeks | p < 0.05 |
| Mason et al. 201267 | 294 0/294 |
58.0 (5.2) | Sedentary, post-menopausal females | Aerobic | 12-months | NS |
| Murphy et al. 200668 | 20 NR |
41.5 (9.3) | Sedentary males and females | Aerobic | 8-weeks | NS |
| Nicklas et al. (a) 200469 | 201 NR |
69.0 (6.0) | Elderly, overweight, sedentary males and females | Aerobic and resistance | 18-months | p = 0.01 |
| Nicklas et al. (b) 200870 | 369 118/251 |
76.6 (4.3) | Elderly, sedentary males and females enrolled in a healthy living class 1× per month | Aerobic, strength, balance, and flexibility | 12-months | NS |
| Oh et al. 201171 | 52 0/52 |
63.4 (8.5) | Sedentary females with metabolic syndrome | Aerobic and strength | 6-months | p = 0.029 |
| Phillips et al. 201272 | 23 0/23 |
65.6 (2.6) | Obese, sedentary females attending a health and stretching class 1× per week | Resistance | 12-weeks | p < 0.05 |
| Pil-Byung et al. 201173 | 30 30/0 |
23.5 (0.4) | Sedentary males and females who watched a healthy video | Aerobic | 8-weeks | p < 0.05 |
| Stewart et al. (a) 200774 | 60 30/30 |
N/aa | Physically active males and females stratified by age | Aerobic and resistance | 12-weeks | p < 0.01 |
| Stewart et al. (b) 201037 | 421 0/421 |
57.3 (6.4) | Hypertensive, post-menopausal, overweight, sedentary females | Aerobic | 6-months | NS |
| Stoutenberg et al. 201275 | 43 43/0 |
NR | Sedentary males | Aerobic | 12- and16-weeks | NS |
| Vatani et al. 201176 | 30 30/0 |
20.5 (1.1) | Sedentary males | Resistance | 6-weeks | p ≤ 0.05 |
| Villareal et al. 200677 | 27 9/18 |
69.7 (4.6) | Elderly, obese, sedentary males and females | Aerobic, strength, balance and flexibility | 6-months | p < 0.01 |
NS – not significant; NR – not reported.
a
Age of young participants 25.0 ± 4.9 years and age of older participants 71.0 ± 4.0 years.