Table 3.
Psycholinguistic profiles for the two groups of participants at age 24 years
| DLD | AMP | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | t | d.f.a | Mean difference [95% CI] | |
| Receptive language (SS) | 83.5 (18.6) | 55–115 | 106.2 (8.9) | 65–115 | −10.2*** | 168 | −22.7 [−27.1, −18.3] |
| Receptive language (RS) | 15.82 (5.06) | 1–24 | 21.72 (2.23) | 12–24 | −9.88*** | 168 | −5.90 [−7.08, −4.72] |
| Expressive language (SS) | 81.6 (18.9) | 55–120 | 105.6 (12.1) | 55–120 | −9.90*** | 167 | −24.1 [−28.8, −19.3] |
| Expressive language (RS) | 43.41 (9.35) | 4–56 | 51.94 (5.45) | 10–56 | −7.28*** | 167 | −8.53 [−10.85, −6.22] |
| Core language (SS) | 69.3 (20.7) | 40–115 | 100.0 (13.9) | 56–124 | 11.2*** | 167 | 30.6 [25.3, 36.0] |
| Core language (RS) | 115.28 (30.88) | 33–174 | 159.19 (21.98) | 34–189 | –10.67*** | 167 | −43.90 [−52.02, −35.79] |
| Nonverbal IQ (SS) | 98.8 (15.8) | 55–131 | 111.9 (10.3) | 79–129 | 6.4*** | 167 | 13.1 [9.1, 17.2] |
| TOWRE reading (SS) | 79.6 (9.8) | 57–111 | 90.9 (10.7) | 66–113 | 6.8*** | 148 | 11.4 [8.1, 14.7] |
| WORD accuracy (RS) | 43.7 (7.6) | 19–55 | 52.2 (3.3) | 34–55 | 9.5*** | 168 | 8.5 [6.7, 10.3] |
| WORD comprehension (RS) | 25.4 (6.0) | 8–38 | 31.9 (3.1) | 23–38 | 6.5*** | 167 | 6.5 [5.0, 7.9] |
| Reading overall (RS) | 34.5 (6.1) | 14–45 | 42.1 (2.8) | 31–47 | 10.5*** | 167 | 7.6 [6.1, 9.0] |
Notes: *** p < .001. DLD, developmental language disorder; AMP, age‐matched peers; SS, standard score; RS, raw score.
a
For all measures with d.f. of 168 there were n = 169 participants, d.f. 167 there were n = 168 participants, and d.f. 148 there were n = 149 participants. The range of n within each group across measures was similar, DLD n = 79–84 participants and AMP n = 71–86 participants.