Table 4. Factors associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) amongst women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (n = 63,210).
| Covariates | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 1.04 | (1.02–1.06) | <0.001 |
| Townsend | |||
| 1 | 1.00 | ||
| 2 | 0.97 | (0.66–1.43) | 0.88 |
| 3 | 0.86 | (0.59–1.28) | 0.46 |
| 4 | 1.25 | (0.87–1.79) | 0.23 |
| 5 | 1.16 | (0.78–1.74) | 0.47 |
| Missing | 1.18 | (0.68–2.07) | 0.56 |
| BMI (kg/m2) category | |||
| <25 | 1.00 | ||
| 25–30 | 3.46 | (2.07–5.78) | <0.001 |
| >30 | 6.91 | (4.35–10.98) | <0.001 |
| Missing | 3.05 | (1.76–5.30) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes or IGR* | 2.57 | (1.65–4.01) | <0.001 |
| Hypothyroidism | 1.04 | (0.63–1.74) | 0.87 |
| Anovulation | 1.36 | (1.06–1.75) | 0.02 |
| Androgen excess feature | |||
| Hirsutism | 1.41 | (1.06–1.87) | 0.01 |
| Acne | 0.87 | (0.62–1.22) | 0.87 |
| Alopecia | 1.74 | (1.23–2.45) | 0.02 |
| Polycystic ovaries | 1.08 | (0.79–1.49) | 0.61 |
| Lipid-modifying drugs | 1.26 | (0.71–2.23) | 0.43 |
| Metformin | 1.01 | (0.74–1.39) | 0.94 |
| Antiandrogen drug | 0.80 | (0.59–1.09) | 0.16 |
*IGR, impaired glucose regulation (includes impaired fasting glucose [IFG; fasting plasma glucose 6.1–6.9 mmol/L] and impaired glucose tolerance [IGT; plasma glucose 7.8–11.1 mmol/L measured 120 minutes after ingestion of 75 g glucose in the oral glucose tolerance test]).