Table 4. Maize USP data set. Estimated variance components for the multi-environment models, main genotypic effect model (MM), single variance G×E deviation model (MDs) and environment-specific variance G×E deviation model (MDe) with two kernels, GBLUP (GB) and Gaussian kernel (GK), with $\mathit{l}$ and without $\mathit{l}$ for grain yield (standard deviation in parentheses).

Variance Component*	MM$\mathit{l}$-GK	MM$\mathit{l}$-GB	MDs$\mathit{l}$-GK	MDs$\mathit{l}$-GB	MDe$\mathit{l}$-GK	MDe$\mathit{l}$-GB		MM- GK	MM- GB	MDs-GK	MDs- GB	MDe-GK	Mde- GB
${\sigma }^2$	0.547 (0.02)	0.548 (0.02)	0.49 (0.02)	0.503 (0.02)	0.487 (0.02)	0.503 (0.02)		0.589 (0.02)	0.854 (0.02)	0.538 (0.02)	0.834 (0.02)	0.534 (0.02)	0.833 (0.02)
${\sigma }_g^2$	0.371 (0.09)	0.175 (0.05)	0.343 (0.09)	0.164 (0.05)	0.362 (0.1)	0.165 (0.05)		1.899 (0.18)	0.214 (0.06)	2.012 (0.18)	0.209 (0.06)	2.026 (0.19)	0.206 (0.06)
${\sigma }_{ge}^2$	—	—	0.091 (0.02)	0.045 (0.01)	—	—		—	—	0.077 (0.02)	0.029 (0.01)	—	—
${\sigma }_{P-LN}^2$	—	—	—	—	0.159 (0.09)	0.055 (0.03)		—	—	—	—	0.162 (0.07)	0.031 (0.03)
${\sigma }_{P-IN}^2$	—	—	—	—	0.104 (0.06)	0.048 (0.03)		—	—	—	—	0.107 (0.05)	0.034 (0.02)
${\sigma }_{A-LN}^2$	—	—	—	—	0.093 (0.07)	0.046 (0.03)		—	—	—	—	0.073 (0.05)	0.038 (0.03)
${\sigma }_{A-IN}^2$	—	—	—	—	0.084 (0.06)	0.063 (0.03)		—	—	—	—	0.05 (0.04)	0.052 (0.03)
${\sigma }_l^2$	0.279 (0.03)	0.336 (0.03)	0.296 (0.03)	0.349 (0.03)	0.294 (0.03)	0.349 (0.03)		—	—	—	—	—	—

^*Locations are: Anhumas ideal N (A-IN), Anhumas low N (A-LN), Piracicaba ideal N (P-IN) and Piracicaba low N (P-LN)