Table 1.

Descriptive Information

Variables	Mean (SD); range		t(df)	χ2
	Boys (n = 147)	Girls (n = 173)
Mother characteristics
Age at prenatal visit (years)	27.37 (6.67); 18–42	28.23 (6.28); 18–42	t(317) = −1.18
Country born (% U.S.)	16.3%	11.0%		1.95
Years living in U.S.	13.86 (7.00); 0–32	12.92 (6.69); 0–33	t(318) = 1.23
Preferred language (% Spanish)	84.4%	80.3%		0.87
Anglo american orientation	2.60 (0.99)	2.54 (0.98)	t(319) = 0.71
Mexican american orientation	4.21 (0.67)	4.28 (0.57)	t(319) = −1.17
Marital status (% married or living together)	74.1%	79.8%		1.43
Level of education (% high school diploma)	40.8%	40.5%		7.44
Income (median)	$10,001–$15,000	$10,001–$15,000		14.04
# People supported by income	4.39 (2.00); 1–11	4.29 (2.00); 1–14	t(318) = 0.45
Infant characteristics
Gestational age	39.22 (1.64); 26–42	39.39 (1.20); 36–42	t(318) = −1.03
Birth weight (grams)	3365.37 (547.31); 612–4935	3391.32 (437.33); 2379–4590	t(308) = −.46
5-min APGAR	8.94 (0.40); 5–10	8.89 (0.57); 4–10	t(311) = 0.39
Substantive variables
Maternal stress (prenatal)	2.81 (2.26); 0–10	2.65 (2.16); 0–11	t(318) = 0.45
Maternal stress (birth through 9 months)	1.90 (1.84); 0–7	1.81 (1.92); 0–9	t(295) = 0.43
Negativity (6 weeks)	2.47 (0.72); 0.84–4.58	2.46 (0.69); .60–4.76	t(308) = 0.07
Surgency (6 weeks)	2.23 (1.05);	2.28 (1.00);	t(308) = −0.42
Negativity (12 months)	3.22 (0.75);	3.39 (0.87);	t(187) = −0.21
Surgency (12 months)	5.34 (0.60); 0.21–5.86	5.55 (0.57); 0.29–6.38	t(187) = −1.72†
Maternal Sensitivity (12 months)	4.02 (0.36); 2.09–3.80	3.93 (0.39); 2.21–3.89	t(179) = −1.03
Internalizing behaviors (18 months)	3.20 (2.12); 0–10	3.18 (1.94); 0–9	t(235) = −0.19
Externalizing behaviors (18 months)	3.95 (2.54); 0–12	3.16 (2.18); 0–10	t(200.84) = 2.29*

Note. Means and SD on substantive variables with missing data were calculated using FIML. t-tests and chi-square tests employed listwise deletion.

^†p < .10.

^*p < .05.