Table 1.
Subject characteristics at baseline
| Variables | Active group (N = 51) | Control group (N = 48) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | |||
| Age (years) | 71.0 ± 6.5 | 70.2 ± 5.7 | 0.53 |
| Cobb angle of kyphosis (°) | 56.8 ± 12.2 | 57.9 ± 12.9 | 0.68 |
| Height (cm) | 165.6 ± 8.6 | 163.7 ± 8.3 | 0.27 |
| Weight (kg) | 69.6 ± 11.8 | 67.7 ± 14.4 | 0.47 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 ± 4.0 | 25.1 ± 4.1 | 0.73 |
| n (%) | |||
| Vertebral fracturesa (Y) | 12 (24) | 4 (8.5) | 0.04 |
| DISH (Y) | 15 (30) | 7 (15) | 0.09 |
| Women | 35 (69) | 36 (75) | 0.51 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.66 | ||
| White | 44 (86) | 42 (87.5) | |
| Other | 7 (14) | 6(12.5) | |
| Education | 0.92 | ||
| High school graduate/some college | 11 (22) | 10 (21) | |
| College or graduate degree | 40 (78) | 36 (79) | |
| Comorbidities (n) | 0.86 | ||
| 0 | 9 (18) | 7 (15) | |
| 1 | 15 (29) | 18 (37.5) | |
| 2 | 10 (20) | 11 (23) | |
| 3 or more | 17 (33.5) | 12 (25) |
SD standard deviation, n number, DISH diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, Y yes, °degrees
a
Defined as a semiquantitative score two (moderate) or greater