Table 2. Results of univariable and multivariable analyses of factors associated with the presence of sarcopenia in lung cancer patients.

	Univariable odds ratio (95% CI)	p value	Multivariable odds ratio (95% CI)	p value
Age, years
Non-elderly	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Elderly (≥ 65yrs)	2.05 (1.52–2.77)	<0.001	2.02 (1.39–2.93)	< 0.001
Gender
Female	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Male	8.34 (5.56–12.68)	< 0.001	11.13 (6.05–20.47)	< 0.001
Cancer types
Adenocarcinoma	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Squamous cell carcinoma	1.89 (1.32–2.70)	< 0.001	0.93 (0.59–1.47)	0.761
Small cell lung cancer	2.01 (1.34–3.01)	0.001	1.10 (0.66–1.84)	0.711
Others¶	1.86 (1.21–2.87)	0.005	1.06 (0.62–1.82)	0.827
Cancer Stage (TNM)
I	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
II	1.64 (0.93–2.87)	0.086	0.90 (0.46–1.79)	0.770
III	2.25 (1.40–3.61)	0.001	1.40 (0.79–2.49)	0.250
IV	2.86 (1.87–4.37)	< 0.001	1.98 (1.16–3.37)	0.012
Charlson comorbidity index
0–2	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
≥3	1.51 (1.01–2.25)	0.043	1.93 (1.19–3.13)	0.008
Body mass index (kg/m2)
≥ 23	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
< 23	4.78 (3.52–6.48)	< 0.001	6.28 (4.37–9.02)	< 0.001
Smoking history
Never-smoker	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Current or ex-smoker	4.41 (3.06–6.35)	< 0.001	1.00 (0.56–1.80)	0.995