Table 1.

Summary of selected studies of cardiovascular disease biomarkers in populations with diabetes

Study	Endpoint	Sample size and patient population	Prior CVD (%)	No. of events	No. of biomarkers evaluated originally	Biomarkers in final model	Improvements in discrimination	Was the NRI statistically significant?
Looker et al [17]	CVD incidence (acute CHD, stroke)	N=2310 T2DM	0	1123	42	NT-proBNP hsTnT IL-6 IL-15 Apolipoprotein C-III Soluble receptor for AGE	C-statistic 0.66⟶0.72	Yes
van der Leeuw et al [23]
First cohort	Composite CV outcome (MI, stroke, CV death)	N=1002 T2DM	62	248	23	NT-proBNP Osteopontin Matrix metalloproteinase 3	C-statistic 0.70⟶0.73	Yes
Second cohort	Composite CV outcome (MI, stroke, CV death)	N=288 T2DM	14	134	23	NT-proBNP Osteopontin Matrix metalloproteinase 3	C-statistic 0.69⟶0.72	No
Gerstein e al [19]	t Composite CV outcome (MI, stroke, CV death)	N=8401 Dysglycaemia (T2DM, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance)	59	1405	237	NT-proBNP Trefoil factor 3 Apolipoprotein B Angiopoietin-2 Osteoprotegerin α -2-Macroglobulin Glutathione S transferase α Growth/differentiation factor 15 Hepatocyte growth factor receptor Chromogranin A	C-statistic 0.64⟶0.71	Yes

CHD, coronary heart disease; CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cardiovascular disease; MI, myocardial infarction; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus