Table 1. Incidence of Cardiovascular-Renal Complications in Hong Kong Chinese with Type 2 Diabetes and the Benefits of Team-Based Structured Care in High and Low Risk Patients Managed in Both Public and Private-Public Partnership Settings since 1995.
| CUHK-PWH Hong Kong Diabetes Register [8] | ||
| 1995–2007, 1 public hospital, 8,558 patients, median duration of diabetes 5 years | ||
| Patients with complications after median follow-up 6.7 years, % | ||
| CKD | 32.5 | |
| CVD | 15.1 | |
| Death | 11.8 (cancer 23.7, circulatory disease 23.3, renal disease 13.4) | |
| Territory-wide Hong Kong Diabetes Database [50] | ||
| 2000–2012, primary and secondary care settings, subgroup with duration of diabetes >15 years | ||
| Cohort year | 2000–2003 | 2010–2012 |
| No. of patients | 33,143 | 147,819 |
| Incidence (per 1,000 person-years [95% CI]) | ||
| ESRD | 25.75 (22.35–29.67) | 22.46 (20.86–24.17) |
| Stroke | 13.53 (11.06–16.56) | 10.13 (9.04–11.34) |
| AMI | 8.68 (6.75–11.18) | 5.76 (4.94–6.71) |
| Death | 29.03 (25.46–33.11) | 26.55 (24.84–28.38) |
| Risk Assessment Management Program in public primary care setting [53] | ||
| 2009–2011, territory-wide public primary care clinics in low risk patients | ||
| Public-RAMP | Propensity-score matched control | |
| No. of patients | 8,570 | 8,570 |
| Mean duration of diabetes, yr | 8.67 | 8.54 |
| Patients with events after 5 years follow-up period, % | ||
| CVD | 12.33 | 23.97 |
| Stroke | 5.19 | 8.48 |
| Death | 7.96 | 21.35 |
| Public vs. PPP-JADE Program [57] | ||
| 2007–2015, PPP: university-affiliated diabetes centre, private doctors and JADE technology | ||
| Public | PPP-JADE | |
| No. of patients | 3,570 | 3,424 |
| Median duration of diabetes, yr | 9 | 7.4 |
| Median follow-up, yr | 3.2 | 5.1 |
| Incidence (per 1,000 person-years [95% CI])a | ||
| CKD | 86.6 (80.32–93.39) | 39.96 (36.38–43.54) |
| ESRD | 15.6 (13.44–18.11) | 7.06 (5.92–8.43) |
| CHD | 7.19 (5.71–9.06) | 5.56 (4.5–6.87) |
| Stroke | 6.39 (5.03–8.13) | 4.09 (3.22–5.19) |
| Death | 15.19 (13.09–17.62) | 8.54 (7.28–10.03) |
CUHK-PWH, The Chinese University of Hong Kong–Prince of Wales Hospital; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CI, confidence interval; ESRD, end stage renal disease; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; RAMP, Risk Assessment and Management Program; PPP-JADE, Private Public Partnership–Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation; CHD, coronary heart disease.
aConsistent benefits in favor of PPP in patients with different risk profiles.